A~2/O＋硫磺填料柱组合工艺脱氮除磷的效果

以某城市污水厂进水为研究对象,采用A2/O＋硫磺填料反应柱组合工艺,考察其对COD、总氮、总磷以及溶解性磷处理效果的改善。组合工艺出水水质稳定后,连续运行55 d,并对工艺的出水进行常规指标分析。结果表明：组合工艺的脱氮除磷效果较单个A2/O工艺都得到了较大的改善,而COD去除效果变化不大。A2/O系统对COD有良好的去除效果,出水的COD平均去除率能达到94%;TN和TP去除效果相对较差,出水平均去除率分别为60%和57.4%。经硫磺填料反应柱的脱氮除磷作用,系统出水TN去除率提高到84%,TP去除率提高到69.8%,COD去除率变化不大,升高到95.3%。     

膜法A／O工艺处理炼油污水的探讨

应用生物膜法Ａ／Ｏ系统这项新技术处理炼油废水近三年来，已取得了初步成果；它对ＣＯＤ、酚、硫化物、ＮＨ３－Ｎ的去除效果明显，但对总氮的去除效果较差。对我厂Ａ／Ｏ系统的运行进行了分析，对其存在问题进行了探讨，且提出了可行性的建议。     

Involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in nanosized lead oxide induced cellular damage in human lung alveolar epithelial cells

High levels of industrial lead (Pb) exposure have decreased in the last 10 years as an outcome of removal of the metal from gasoline and paints. However, environmental Pb exposures remain extensive and may be correlated with adverse human health outcomes. The present study was designed to examine molecular mechanisms underlying cytotoxicity of lead oxide nanoparticles (PbONPs) on human lung alveolar epithelial (A549) cells. When A549 cells were incubated with PbONPs, the production of reactive oxygen species was enhanced as observed by 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. PbONPs significantly reduced proliferation of A549 cells and increased caspase3 activity. In addition, exposure of PbONPs decreased levels of glutathione, and increased lipid peroxide levels and activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Exposure of PbONPs enhanced DNA damage as evidenced by tail DNA (%) and olive tail moment. Taken together, these finding indicated that PbONPs diminished cell proliferation and increased apoptotic cell death of A549 cells.     

Bisphenol A and Bisphenol S release in milk under household conditions from baby bottles marketed in Italy

A simple and sensitive validated analytical method based on liquid chromatography coupled to tandem fluorescence (FD) and ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry was applied to monitor the presence of bisphenol A and bisphenol S in plastic baby bottles marketed in Italy. The limits of detection (LOD) were 3.75 ng mL^?1 and 80.00 ng mL^?1, and those of quantification (LOQ) were 12.51 ng mL^?1 and 260.00 ng mL^?1 for BPA (FD detection) and for BPS (UV detection), respectively. BPA was found in only four samples, two samples undergone to microwave heating and two samples undergone to bottle warmer heating either at 40°C or at 80°C. Although the quantities of leached BPA were well below the reference dose for daily intake established by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (4.0 µg kg^?1 bw/day), the release of BPA and BPS from these plastic materials should be carefully considered by the government authorities to increase people's awareness on this issue and to protect the most vulnerable population group.     

Effect of BPA on the germination,root development,seedling growth and leaf differentiation under different light conditions in Arabidopsis thaliana

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a well-known environmental toxic substance, which exerts unfavorable effects through endocrine disruptor (ER)-dependent and ER-independent mechanisms to threaten ecological systems seriously. BPA may also interact with other environmental factors, such as light and heavy metals, to have a synergetic effect in plants. However, there is little data concerning the toxic effect of BPA on the primary producers-plants and its possible interaction with light-dependent response. Here, the effects of BPA on germination, fresh weight, tap root length, and leaf differentiation were studied in Arabidopsis thaliana under different parts of light spectrum (dark, red, yellow, green, blue, and white light). Our results showed that low-dose BPA (1.0, 5.0 μM) caused an increase in the fresh weight, the tap root length and the lateral root formation of A. thaliana seedlings, while high-dose BPA (10.0, 25.0 μM) show an inhibition effect in a dose-dependent manner. Unlike karrikins, the effects of BPA on germination fresh weight and tap roots length under various light conditions are similar, which imply that BPA has no notable role in priming light response in germination and early seedling growth in A. thaliana. Meanwhile, BPA exposure influences the differentiation of A. thaliana leaf blade significantly in a light-dependent manner with little to no effect in dark and clear effect under red illumination.     

山东省广饶县污水处理厂工艺对比研究

介绍了广饶县污水处理厂一期、二期工艺即淹没式生物膜工艺和改良式A2/O工艺的特点及运行情况,分析了每个阶段对污染物的去除原理,并进行对比。结果表明:1)两个工艺对有机物的去除效果相当;2)改良式A2/O工艺对TN的去除效果优于淹没式生物膜工艺,主要是因为改良式A2/O工艺增加了内回流,增强了反硝化效果;3)两个工艺对TP的去除效果相当。     

中国矿业大学污水处理站工艺改造设计和运行

介绍了中国矿业大学生活污水处理系统改造前后及运行情况,对比分析了生物膜法和活性污泥法处理工艺的优、缺点及工艺流程。运行结果表明,与原有工艺相比,改造后的工艺具有操作更简单,管理更方便,效果有保障,成本降低的优点,保证了出水水质达到GB/T 18920-2002《城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质》标准。     

基于HJ-1卫星的丹江口库区水质遥感监测研究

丹江口水库作为南水北调中线工程的水源地,其水质安全将直接影响到调水工程的成败。利用不同水质具有不同光谱特征的特点,采用遥感技术对水域水质进行大范围、准确、快速监测。根据丹江口库区2011年3月、7月、2013年3月、9月4景HJ1A/B卫星遥感影像,结合同步的地面实测水质数据,采用经验反演模型对丹江口水库叶绿素a浓度、水体悬浮物浓度和水体透明度进行了定量遥感反演研究。结果显示,由于2011年受到长江中下游区域重大旱情影响,汉江入库流量较小,造成丹江口水域面积减少;同年相比,水体叶绿素a浓度枯水期比丰水期高;2013年相比2011年水体叶绿素a浓度略有上升;丹库、汉库入库口的水体悬浮物浓度要高于其他区域,主要由于入库口的水流量较大,水体扰动较强。入库口区域较高的悬浮物浓度造成水体透明度要低于其他区域,丹库水域面积大,有利于悬浮物沉积,因此丹库水体透明度高于汉库。     

BIOFOR处理混装制剂类制药废水工程实例

介绍了BIOFOR反应器在江西某医药集团混装制剂废水处理中的工程应用。采用自然挂膜和接种挂膜相结合的方式快速启动BIOFOR池。BIOFOR池处理混装制剂废水具有良好的效果、较高的耐冲击负荷能力、运行稳定。COD平均去除率达72.45%,NH3-N平均去除率达56.8%。BIOFOR池出水可稳定达GB 21908—2008《混装制剂类制药工业水污染物排放标准》。BIOFOR池处理混装制剂废水的最佳运行气水比为5∶1。反冲洗宜采用水气联合反冲洗。     

西安市高新区第二污水处理厂工艺设计总结分析

西安高新区第二污水厂近期和远期设计规模分别为5×104m3/d和10×104m3/d,采用A2/O-混合反应沉淀-砂滤组合工艺,出水执行标准《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)的一级A标准,同时采用活性氧进行除臭。工程设计中充分考虑来水量的变化,在各处理单元进行合理选择,为相关工程提供了借鉴和参考。