宝钢环境信息化系统建设探索

系统介绍了宝钢环境信息化系统建设架构、功能、特点,以及对污染减排、环境自动监测及信息化技术进行有效融合后的应用实践,并对该信息化系统在提高环境监控能力,完善系统建设上提出扩展监控范围、提升功能等构想.     

基于GIS的滑坡灾害风险空间预测

滑坡灾害风险评价是一个包含有滑坡危险性评价和承灾体易损性评价的体系,对滑坡危险性进行了空间预测与区划,并开展了区域承灾体易损性的区划与评价。结合风险评价的基本要求,进行了研究区滑坡灾害的风险区划,将其划分为极高、高、中、低与极低风险区。针对研究区经济发展水平及政府防灾力度,提出了适合研究区的可接受风险标准与管理对策。     

物联网技术在地震救灾中的应用

研究了物联网技术在地震救灾中的应用。在体系结构设计中主要针对无线传感器网络节点、自组网技术、数据采集与灾情分析软件、多源信息融合等几个方面开展研究,构造出基于物联网技术的信息处理平台,在此基础上组建一个地震监测、预警及救灾部署控制中心,并实现信息处理平台与城市基础设施的互连接口。最终,在地震救灾中能够利用多源信息融合技术为控制中心实现决策和指挥提供科学、高效的服务。     

基于GIS的巴东县新城区滑坡灾害危险性区划

巴东县新城区是三峡库区滑坡灾害最为发育的地段之一。通过还原滑坡形成前的物质组成和历史环境,选取了影响滑坡发育的地层岩性、水位影响带等9项评价指标。完善了基于地形条件的不规则单元划分方法,对研究区进行了斜坡评价单元的划分,使得评价单元具有更明确的地质意义和更完善的地质结构。此外,将各影响因素图与斜坡评价单元分布图叠加得到计算单元,在计算单元信息量求解的基础上提出了斜坡评价单元信息量的计算方法,进行了基于斜坡评价单元的危险性区划,得到了巴东县新城区滑坡灾害危险性区划图。分析结果表明,水位影响带、居民区、公路分布区及顺向坡坡型与滑坡灾害发生的相关性最大。高危险区占城区面积的16.4%,主要分布在长江两岸临江地段。     

Fine particle-bound PAHs derivatives at mountain background site (Mount Tai) of the North China: Concentration, source diagnosis and health risk assessment

Ten nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nPAHs) and 4 oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (oPAHs) in fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) samples from Mount Tai were analyzed during summer (June to August), 2015. During the observation campaign, the mean concentration of total nPAHs and oPAHs was 31.62 pg/m³ and 0.15 ng/m³, respectively. Two of the monitored compounds, namely 9-nitro-anthracene (9N-ANT) (6.86 pg/m³) and 9-fluorenone (9FO) (0.05 ng/m³) were the predominant compounds of nPAHs and oPAHs, respectively. The potential source and long-range transportation of nPAHs and oPAHs were investigated by the positive matrix factorization (PMF) method and the potential source contribution function (PSCF) methods. The results revealed that biomass/coal burning, gasoline vehicle emission, diesel vehicle emission and secondary formation were the dominant sources of nPAHs and oPAHs, which were mainly from Henan province and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and Bohai sea. The incremental life cancer risk (ILCR) values were calculated to evaluate the exposure risk of nPAHs and oPAHs for three group people (infant, children and adult), and the values of ILCR were 7.02 × 10^?10, 3.49 × 10^?9 and 1.41 × 10^?8 for infant, children and adults, respectively. All these values were lower than the standard of EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) (<10^?6), indicating acceptable health risk of nPAHs and oPAHs.     

基于一体化运营综合能源企业智能应急救援技术研究*

为解决综合能源企业集团生产区域集中、多种业态并存的现状下,应对多灾耦合、区域协同、快速救援处置需求问题,提出构建“构架一体系统共用、数据入湖实时获取、GIS数据动态调用”的智能管控系统,运用多灾事故耦合协同处置、数字结构预案辅助决策和处置情景构建救援演练等技术,达到“集团总部—产业实体—生产单位—作业单元”的点、线、面虚拟集成统一先期处置网络。研究结果表明:生产安全事故应急救援“基础管理健全、3级联动响应、全域覆盖网络、资源实时共享、培训演练规范、力量快速投放”等6个方面的能力得到提升,为综合能源企业安全生产和应急管理决策支持提供新的可行性方案。     

On reducing the windfall profits in environmental subsidy programs

Investment subsidies are widely used to induce adoption of new technologies that can lower the (marginal) cost of reducing emissions. To economize on these subsidies, governments would like to distinguish between firms that need to receive a subsidy to adopt a new technology, and firms that would adopt that technology even without subsidies. We show that policies consisting of a menu of emission taxes and investment subsidies can potentially induce firms to self-select.     

Parental risk perceptions of childhood pedestrian road safety

Problem: Pedestrian injury is a major hazard to the health of children in most developed countries, including Australia. In a previous study it was found that parental road risk perception is a significant factor associated with their modeling of safe behavior as pedestrians. This study aimed to investigate factors that affect parental road risk perception. Method: This cross-sectional population-based randomized telephone survey aimed to study factors associated with risk perception on pedestrian road safety among parents with young children aged 4–12 years. Results: Five factors were found to be significantly associated with parental risk perception. They included age of child, sex of parent, employment of parent, living environment, and previous injury experience. The results suggested that the age of the child contributed greatest to the variance explained by the regression model. However, other factors remained significant even after adjusting for each other. Discussion: Results were discussed in light of the design and development of childhood pedestrian road safety campaigns. Impact on industry: Parental risk perceptions determine their safe road modeling behavior. In this study, significant factors that affect parental road risk perception have been identified. The information obtained can be used in the design of road safety programs that aim at changing the road risk perception of parents.     

危险辨识方法的研究

介绍了一种新的危险辨识方法 ,应用该方法可以系统地发现潜在的事故序列、事故的起始事件以及相应控制系统的薄弱环节 ,为进一步的风险分析奠定基础     

Occurrence of organic pollutants in recovered soil fines from construction and demolition waste

The objective of this study was to characterize recovered soil fines from construction and demolition (C&D) waste recycling facilities for trace organic pollutants. Over a period of 18 months, five sampling trips were made to 14 C&D waste recycling facilities in Florida. Screened soil fines were collected from older stockpiles and newly generated piles at the sites. The samples were analyzed for the total concentration (mg/kg) of a series of volatile organic compound (VOCs) and semi-volatile organic compounds (semi-VOCs). The synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP) test was also performed to evaluate the leachability of the trace organic chemicals. During the total analysis only a few volatile organic compounds were commonly found in the samples (trichlorofluoromethane, toluene, 4-isopropyltoluene, trimethylbenzene, xylenes, and methylene chloride). A total of nine VOCs were detected in the leaching test. Toluene showed the highest leachability among the compounds (61.3-92.0%), while trichlorofluoromethane, the most commonly detected compound from both the total and leaching tests, resulted in the lowest leachability (1.4-39.9%). For the semi-VOC analysis, three base-neutral semi-VOC compounds (bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, butyl benzyl phthalate, and di-n-butyl phthalate) and several PAHs (acenaphthene, pyrene, fluoranthene, and phenanthrene) were commonly detected in C&D fines samples. These compounds also leached during the SPLP leaching test (0.1-25%). No acid extractable compounds, pesticides, or PCBs were detected. The results of this study were further investigated to assess risk from land applied recovered soil fines by comparing total and leaching concentrations of recovered soil fines samples to risk-based standards. The results of this indicate that the organic chemicals in recovered soil fines from C&D debris recycling facilities were not of a major concern in terms of human risk and leaching risk to groundwater under reuse and contact scenarios.