广州市水政水资源管理信息系统开发研究

广州市水政水资源管理信息系统是一个基于GIS技术的、客户／服务器结构下的环境信息系统，本文介绍了系统的总体设计与关键技术，该系统是为水资源主管部门进行水资源日常管理而设计的，目的是为了提高水资源管理的科学化，现代化水平，系统开发的关键技术要有服务器数据库建设、客户端与服务器的数据连接以及组件式GIS（MapObjects）的应用。     

Spatio-temporal patterns in county-level incidence and reporting of Lyme disease in the northeastern United States, 1990–2000

We present an exploratory analysis of reported county-specific incidence of Lyme disease in the northeastern United States for the years 1990–2000. We briefly review the disease ecology of Lyme disease and the use of risk maps to describe local incidence as estimates of local risk of disease. We place the relevant elements of local environmental and ecological variables, local disease incidence, and (importantly) local disease reporting in a conceptual context to frame our analysis. We then apply hierarchical linear models of increasing complexity to summarize observed patterns in reported incidence, borrowing information across counties to improve local precision. We find areas of increasing incidence in the central northeastern Atlantic coast counties, increasing incidence branching to the north and west, and an area of fairly stable and slightly decreasing reported incidence in western New York.     

Assessing Suitability for Conservation Action: Prioritizing Interpond Linkages for the California Tiger Salamander

Abstract:  Conservation organizations and public agencies are interested in identifying and prioritizing areas for conservation action, often acquisition or easements. Typically, this requires the use of uncertain data and vaguely defined decision criteria. I developed a decision support system to address these uncertainty issues and assist in evaluating conservation opportunities for the endangered California tiger salamander ( Ambystoma californiense ) in Santa Barbara, California. Functionally defined planning units were used to aggregate data on land suitability, land cover change, salamander presence, and movement risk along potential linkages between breeding ponds. I used a fuzzy-logic-based inference engine to evaluate the planning units and rank the relative suitability of interpond linkages for conservation action. The sensitivity of the rankings was considered with respect to uncertainty in salamander occurrence data and the relationship between land-cover-change threats and site suitability. All linkages were substantially degraded, but five areas were consistently identified with high relative suitability for conservation action despite differences in assumptions and uncertainty in biological data. The combination of functionally defined planning units and a fuzzy-logic-based decision support system provides a general framework for considering the suitability of sites for conservation action.     

福建梅花山国家级自然保护区拟赤杨种群分布格局的分形分析

分形理论中的计盒维数、信息维数和关联维数能分别从空间占据程度、格局强度和个体空间关联的尺度变化角度,揭示种群分布格局的尺度变化特征.本文应用以上3个分形维数探讨了福建梅花山国家级自然保护区拟赤杨种群分布格局的多尺度分布规律,计算结果表明,拟赤杨种群的分布格局具有分形特征,其计盒维数为1.0298～1.2982,信息维数为0.9728～1.2464,关联维数为0.5089～0.8047.拟赤杨种群的计盒维数、信息维数较高,而关联维数较小,表明该种群的分布格局强度相对较高,结构相对复杂,具有集聚分布的趋势.     

全国农村生态环境质量信息共享系统设计与实现

根据中国可持续发展信息共享系统建设的要求,针对全国农村生态环境质量的信息特征,描述了“全国农村生态环境质量信息共享系统”的设计背景、系统总体结构、数据组织形式以及信息表达方式,并探讨了实现信息共享系统的结构化设计、系统网络的集成式服务模型、动态网页制作、元数据库构建、统计信息的空间化表达方法、空间统计分析和信息共享安全保障等信息共享的关键技术途径。     

论环境风险及其管理制度建设

在阐明环境风险和环境风险管理的概念和内涵的基础上,叙述了中国面临的主要环境风险,提出了中国环境风险管理制度建设的建议.并着重指出,国家应当对重点风险源进行直接管理.     

解决中国农村环境保护信息非对称性的方法探索

基于对世界银行项目——“中国乡镇工业企业环境行为研究”的子项目“乡镇工业企业污染控制报告制度研究”在江苏省丹阳市的实施过程的研究，发现污染控制报告会在乡镇环境管理中有着良好的社会效益、经济效益和环境效益，不失为一种解决农村环境保护信息非对称性的优选方法。     

完善公司治理,强化信息披露--索克斯法案的简介与评点

2002年7月美国通过了关于会计和公司治理一系列重大改革的索克斯法案(SOX Act),该法案以加强公司治理、强化信息披露为核心,主要内容是强化对高级管理人员的监管和防止外部审计失败.本文简单系统地介绍和分析了该法案中重要措施的相关内容和出台的原因,以期对我国当前公司治理和审计业发展有所启迪和帮助.     

Maritime oil spills— Environmental lessons and experiences with special reference to low-risk coastlines

Oil spill contingency plans are available for most coastlines but the amount of useful environmental data is variable. The information should be held on a GIS base. High risk areas should be identified and the pre-existing store of environmental knowledge should be commensurately extensive and should be available in considerable spatial detail. Contingency plans still depend on basic lists of coastal types as defined by static, sediment based shoreline characteristics. There is a lack of dynamic, process information. TheBraer oil spill of 1993 provides a case study of the application of sound coastal geomorphological and ecological data to impact assessment. Monitoring of the ecological effects of this massive oil spill reinforces other research which indicates that most coastlines can recover naturally from oil spills, and that oil spill clean up techniques may not necessarily benefit rapid shoreline recovery. Although pre-existing environmental informations is important, the key decisions must be taken quickly and are frequently judgmental and, therefore, place a premium on gathering appropriate scientific expertise to the site of the spill as soon as possible and with sufficient powers to affect both the oil spill response, to initiate early surveys of damage and to facilitate the initial monitoring programme.     

Erosion risk levels at the NW Portuguese coast: the Douro mouth—Cape Mondego stretch

The entire northwestern coast of Portugal is undergoing severe erosion and there are several areas at high risk of erosion. Commonly considered as a problem—because it jeopardizes human development along the coast—erosion is indeed a natural process of sediment redistribution. This paper presents a brief analysis of erosion driving forces and the subsequent state of vulnerability that coastal segments between the mouth of the River Douro and Cape Mondego are facing. The paper also discusses erosion risk levels, low or high, and the subsequent questions whether there are populations, economical assets or natural habitats at risk and/or areas prone to coastal flooding. Main challenges and future trends along the study area are identified in the light of understanding the underlying causes of conflicts and what realistically can be achieved given the morphodynamics and hydrodynamic processes, human development established along this coastal segment and the existing policies.