康菲石油公司火灾爆炸事故的启示——压力管道的安全管理工作要做细、做实

通过对康菲(ConocoPhillips)公司压力管道泄漏爆炸事故的介绍和分析,提出了压力管道安全管理中应注意的细节问题.     

基于遥感和信息熵的城乡结合部范围界定——以荆州市为例

城乡结合部是城市与农村相互结合的特殊经济地理单元,是城市快速扩张的重点区域,受城市与农村的双重影响,而目前城乡结合部范围不明确,确定方法以定性为主。针对这一特点,以信息熵理论为基础,结合分析城乡结合部土地利用特征,建立了土地利用信息熵模型。并以荆州市为例,以2000年10月ETM+影像为基础数据源,在ArcGIS和ERDAS Imagine软件的支持下,应用土地利用信息熵模型,分析熵值分布特点,最后采用突变点检测的方法,以熵值60和30确定荆州市城乡结合部的内外边界。得到荆州市城乡结合部的面积为124.4 km2,大致包括25个行政村。比较表明,该方法划分精度较高、实时性强。但若能采用更高分辨率的遥感影像并结合其他模型,会使划分精度进一步提高     

Development of systems for detection, early warning, and control of pipeline leakage in drinking water distribution: A case study

The integrated system for the detection, early warning, and control of pipeline leakage has been successfully developed to manage the pipeline networks of Beijing.     

基于信息扩散理论的闽清大暴雨雨量风险预测

为加强闽清县大暴雨雨量风险预测能力,减小常规统计方法对雨量预测结果的误差,利用1971-2010年共18个大暴雨过程的雨量数据,基于信息扩散技术分别对台风和非台风(包括过程性强降水和强对流强降水)引起的大暴雨进行雨量风险预测.结果表明:24 h雨量100～120 mm为高风险水平,风险概率在34％～100％之间,其次为...     

环境应急指挥平台研究

当前,突发性环境污染事故日益频发,加强环境应急管理工作,提高事故预警预测能力,快速提升环境事故应急处置能力已经成为环境管理工作越来越迫切的需求。面对当前日益严峻的环境安全形势,急需立足环境应急的全过程管理,利用信息技术、通讯技术、网络技术和数据库技术,建立包括环境风险源管理、应急预案管理、决策支持、指挥调度、现场处置、...     

云南酸控区土壤重金属释放特征及潜在风险

研究了云南省酸雨控制区3种土壤重金属Pb、Zn、Cu在模拟酸雨淋溶作用下的释放特征,并进行了酸雨淋溶前后的潜在风险评价.结果表明,重金属在模拟酸雨作用下很快溶出,约30 h后趋于平稳,3种重金属Pb、Zn、Cu最大累计释放量分别为102.32、52.19和70.54 mg/kg.不同pH下重金属的溶出趋势基本相同,重金...     

基于WebGIS的包头市环境地理信息系统平台搭建

本文首先综述了包头市环境地理信息系统平台的总体结构、功能模块、数据构成等,然后着重阐述EGIS平台下的环保数据构成、异构异地数据集成的关键技术和空间数据库与多元数据库的关联接口,最后论述了建设该平台的设计方法和平台特点。     

环境会计发展现状及对策建议

作为对社会经济活动具有计量、反映和控制职能的会计应该对环境方面的支出、收益进行反映和控制。分析了环境会计发展现状及相关问题,结合发达国家的经验,对解决我国相关问题途径提出了对策措施。     

Adapting to climate change: reducing water-related risks in Europe – EU policy and research considerations

Climate change impacts on the hydrological cycle, e.g. leading to changes of precipitation patterns, have been observed over several decades. Higher water temperatures and changes in extremes hydrometeorological events (including floods and droughts) are likely to exacerbate different types of pressures on water resources with possible negative impacts on ecosystems and human health. In addition, sea-level rise is expected to extend areas of salinisation of groundwater and estuaries, resulting in a decrease of freshwater availability for humans and ecosystems in coastal areas. Furthermore, climate-related changes in water quantity and quality are expected to affect food availability, water access and utilisation, especially in arid and semi-arid areas, as well as the operation of water infrastructure (e.g. hydropower, flood defences, and irrigation systems). This paper serves as an introduction to the special issue of Environment Science & Policy dealing with climate change impacts on water-related disasters. It provides a brief background about relevant EU water policies and examples of EU-funded research trends which illustrate on-going efforts to improve understanding and modelling of climate changes related to the hydrological cycles at scales that are relevant to decision making (possibly linked to policy).     

Coastal flood protection: What perspective in a changing climate? The THESEUS approach

Coastal areas are vital economic hubs in terms of settlement, industry, agriculture, trade and tourism to mention some key sectors. There are already many coastal problems including erosion, flood risk and long-term habitat deterioration. As economies continue to develop the asset base at risk will grow, while accelerating climate change will increase the likelihood of damaging extreme events, as well as accelerate habitat decline. Existing coastal management and defence approaches are not well tuned to these challenges as they assume a static situation.THESEUS project is developing a systematic approach to delivering both a low-risk coast for human use and healthy habitats for evolving coastal zones subject to multiple change factors. The project examines innovative mitigation and adaptation technologies and integrate the best of these technical measures in a strategic policy context through overarching guidelines. THESEUS activities are carried out within a multidisciplinary framework using 8 study sites across Europe, with specific attention to the most vulnerable coastal environments such as deltas, estuaries and wetlands, where many large cities and industrial areas are located.This paper describes THESEUS approach, and specifically: the Source-Pathway-Receptor-Consquence model for coastal risk assessment; the engineering, social, economic and ecological mitigation measures under analysis; the participatory approach with end users and coastal authorities for the selection and identification of the appropriate defence strategy to be planned in sudy sites.