滑坡,泥石流区域危险度二级模糊综合评判初探

将二级模糊综合评判的数学模型用于滑坡、泥石流区域危险度的评判。选取了对滑坡、泥石流影响较大的岩石风化系数、地震烈度等１８个参评因素。按其属性分为地质、地貌、气候、植被、人类活动等５个类别。先在同类因素之间进行初级评判，再利用初级评判的结果进行类之间的二级评判。以云南昭通地区的１１个县（市）为例介绍了滑坡、泥石流区域危险度二级模糊综合评判的方法与步骤。     

泥石流堆积泛滥区危险度的评价与应用

泥石流堆积泛滥区危险度是指山地沟谷一旦发生泥石流后,在堆积区不同地段泛滥成灾的程度或最大威胁程度.本文探讨了泥石流堆积泛滥区危险度评价的指标体系,划分了四级危险度。应用泥石流二维非恒定流理论建立了危险度评价的数学模型。以云南东川市城区为实例,模拟了100年一遇超标准泥石流泛滥成灾过程,并作出泥石流堆积区的最大流速分布图、最大泥深分布图和危险范围内的危险度分区图.通过数值模拟取得了良好的效果。根据危险度评价结果,提出了该数学模型在减灾中的应用。     

山东省污染减排综合监管平台应用与实践

污染减排作为约束性指标,被列入国家和各省“十二五”规划。目前各地加快发展与加快转型的任务十分艰巨,治理环境污染、减少主要污染物排放的压力非常大,减排治污形势依然严峻。本文重点针对污染减排管理工作中的难点问题,研究除运用行政措施外,在做好环境监管工作的同时,必须还要运用好信息化手段和技术,按照统一规划、统一建设、统一管理的原则,以质量、效能、安全为基础,实现网络互连、资源共享、业务协同。通过搭建综合监管平台,将涉及环境保护系统多方面的业务和数据,在构建安全、高效的全业务数据的存储、管理、共享和应用的基础上,实现对污染减排数据的集中管理和应用,为污染减排管理指标体系和考核体系建设,提供可信、一致的基础数据,为环境监管提供了可靠的决策支撑,为污染减排目标的实现打下坚实的基础。     

实现环境保护战略目标的风险评价

本文剖析了实现环境保护战略目标的保障体系,通过故障模式影响分析建立了实现环保战略目标的故障树,并利用最小割集法获得故障树的结构函数及顶端事件发生的概率.结果表明,实现环保战略目标的风险为0.311.根据相对重要性大小对各最小割集进行排序,认为环保资金不到位是最显著的风险要素,其中环保投资比例偏低及环保资金管理不善是两个最主要故障.     

地累积指数法评价多金属环境质量的方法优化探索:以农业发达地区为例

准确合理的土壤污染评价方法是进行区域性土壤污染评价的前提.将三角模糊数引入地质累积指数法,结合α-截集技术以及Latin Hypercube抽样(LHS)随机模拟方法对研究区重金属含量差异较大的5种不同土壤类型(潮土、风沙土、黄绵土、褐土和新积土)分别进行土壤重金属(Cd、Hg、As、Pb和Cr)累积性评价,能够避免因...     

Risk-based evaluation of wastewater treatment projects: A case study in Niasar city,Iran

For sustainable wastewater management, it is essential to consider social, environmental, geological and technical features as well as economic feature in the decision-making process. A limitation of many of the earlier works on wastewater management is that they take into account only financial criteria to make a decision for a given problem. Moreover, the decision-makers’ (DMs) attitude to risk, or optimism degree, when faced with uncertainty is not considered. In this paper, we study the application of risk-based multi-attribute decision-making (RB-MADM) methods to achieve sustainable wastewater management. Consideration of uncertainty, value tradeoffs, and different risk attitudes of decision makers are the important features of the developed methodology. A case study on the Iranian city of Niasar is presented to illustrate how this methodology can be applied to select the most preferred alternative for wastewater management among a set of options. The most preferred option is selected with respect to nine attributes under different optimism/pessimism degrees, using six different MADM methods. The results show that the ranking of options is sensitive to the optimism degree of the DMs. The proposed approach may help policy makers to achieve sustainable wastewater management.     

Arc StormSurge: Integrating Hurricane Storm Surge Modeling and GIS

Arc StormSurge is a data model that integrates geographic information systems and the hurricane wave and surge model SWAN+ADCIRC, which is the coupling of the Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) wave model and the Advanced Circulation (ADCIRC) hydrodynamic model. The Arc StormSurge data model is a geodatabase, which is a relational database that can contain georeferenced information. It includes feature classes in feature datasets and tables, all related among them through relationship classes, and raster catalogs and grids. In addition to the data model schema, Arc StormSurge includes a number of pre‐ and post‐processing tools that help integrate spatial data and numerical modeling. As an illustration, Arc StormSurge was used to support the modeling of Hurricane Bret, which made landfall in the Corpus Christi area in Texas in 1999. By using Arc StormSurge, it was possible to take advantage of already available geo‐referenced information (e.g., base maps, land cover datasets, and monitoring station locations) for the model setup, and for identifying spatial patterns in the model results by presenting them in map format.     

干旱内陆河流域人居环境适宜性评价——以石羊河流域为例

论文以干旱区内陆河石羊河流域为研究区,选取坡度、 坡向、 地形起伏度、 植被指数、 水文、 气候、 交通等因子作为评价指标,建立了人居环境指数(HEI),利用GIS的叠置分析、 缓冲区分析、 密度分析等空间分析技术对石羊河流域人居环境适宜性进行了定量综合评价分析。评价结果表明,石羊河流域人居环境指数介于17.13~84.32之间,整体分布格局为:从西南方向到东北方向适宜性依次降低,适宜、 较适宜居住区主要分布在中游和中下游地区,不适宜人类居住区占研究区面积的比例很大。石羊河流域人居环境适宜区主要以带状和斑块状分布在石羊河各支流周围,其他区域只有零星分布,与流域内居民点分布的空间格局相吻合。石羊河流域人居环境状况与人口密度呈对数关系,确定系数达到0.851 2,与经济发展水平呈现较明显的正相关性,人居环境评价值与单位面积GDP确定系数达到0.845 4,与道路网密度关系不显著,受道路制约程度较小。一些居民点分布在人居环境恶劣区域,一些村镇分布在靠近沙漠区域内,地形复杂,气候多变,水资源短缺,经济发展滞后,结合新农村建设规划和当地土地利用规划,这部分村落需要异地搬迁以便改善人居环境状况。     

中国石化管道及罐区隐患排查治理监管系统研究与应用

为加强危化品管道和罐区隐患排查治理的监管工作,有效防范安全生产事故,按照国家相关要求,结合中国石化业务实际,研究开发中国石化管道及罐区隐患排查治理监管系统。该系统规范并监督中国石化上、中、下游各企业油气输送管道暨厂际管道和罐区隐患排查、上报、治理、验收各个环节工作,确保隐患得到全面排查、及时治理和销项,并能满足上报政府信息的要求。通过在中国石化总部及41家企业的应用,结果表明,该系统满足了中国石化油气输送管道暨厂际管道和罐区隐患排查治理监督管理需要,优化了管理流程,促进了管道和罐区隐患排查治理工作的规范化、标准化、精细化、高效率,为中国石化打好油气输送管道暨厂际管道和罐区隐患排查治理攻坚战提供技术保障。同时系统强大信息汇总、预警监控、统计分析,为管理决策提供技术支撑。     

Analysis of deforestation pattern in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria

This study examines deforestation in a part of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria between 1987 and 2013 using remote sensing data and geographic information systems. The results indicate an increasing rate of deforestation, an increasing rate of water body loss and a decreasing rate of exposed surface/settlement increase. The results also show that the rate at which cropland/secondary vegetation is increasing is above average while sandbar is increasing below average. The implications of these changes include environmental degradation resulting from loss of biodiversity and loss of forest goods and services. These losses can also affect the social and economic conditions of local people. The study recommends that policies and strategies targeted at slowing down the rate of forest loss and degradation should be pursued.