Isolation,identification, Pb(Ⅱ) biosorption isotherms and kinetics of a lead adsorbing Penicillium sp. MRF-1 from South Korean mine soil

A heavy metal contaminated soil sample collected from a mine in Chonnam Province of South Korea was found to be a source of heavy metal adsorbing biosorbents. Chemical analyses showed high contents of lead (Pb) at 357 mg/kg and cyanide (CN) at 14.6 mg/kg in the soil. The experimental results showed that Penicillium sp. MRF-1 was the best lead resistant fungus among the four individual metal tolerant fungal species isolated from the soil. Molecular characterization of Penicillium sp. MRF-1 was determined using ITS regions sequences. E ects of pH, temperature and contact time on adsorption of Pb(II) by Penicillium sp. MRF-1 were studied. Favorable conditions for maximum biosportion were found at pH 4 with 3 hr contact time. Biosorption of Pb(II) gradually increased with increasing temperature. E cient performance of the biosorbent was described using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Adsorption kinetics was studied using pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order models. Biosorbent Penicillium sp. MRF-1 showed the maximum desorption in alkali conditions. Consistent adsorption/desorption potential of the biosorbent in repetitive cycles validated the e cacy of it in large scale. SEM studies given notes on surface modification of fungal biomass under metal stress and FT-IR results showed the presence of amino groups in the surface structure of the biosorbent. In conclusion, the new biosorbent Penicillium sp. MRF-1 may potentially be used as an inexpensive, easily cultivatable material for the removal of lead from aqueous solution.     

Fungicidal activity and molecular modeling of fusarubin analogues from Fusarium oxysporum

Abstract

Fusarubin analogues of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris were investigated for antifungal activity in vitro against five soil borne phytopathogenic fungi. 3-O-Methyl-8-O-methyl-fusarubin was inhibitory towards S. sclerotiorum (EC₅₀ 0.33?mmol L^?1) and Sclerotium rolfsii (EC₅₀ 0.38?mmol L^?1). A structure–antifungal activity relationship of fusarubin analogues was established from their activity performance. Possible mechanism of action of these compounds was studied using molecular docking and simulations against three target enzymes which revealed receptor ligand binding affinity. Docking of 3-O-methyl-8-O-methyl-fusarubin into the succinate dehydrogenase site revealed formation of salt bridge, hydrogen bond, π–anion, π–alkyl, and Van der Waals interactions.     

邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯对斜生栅藻的生态毒性作用

为了研究邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(DEHP)对水生藻类的生态毒性作用,以斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)为受试对象,设置5个DEHP浓度梯度(5、10、20、40、80mg·L-1)和1个对照组,实验周期为96h,以藻细胞数量和光合色素含量为测试指标,检测了DEHP对斜生栅藻生长的影响.结果表明,DEHP对斜生栅藻生长和色素含量具有一定的影响:暴露96h后,各DEHP暴露组斜生栅藻生物量(藻细胞数)与对照组均有显著差异(p<0.05),且随DEHP暴露浓度的升高,生物量逐渐降低;各DEHP暴露组叶绿素a、b含量均显著低于对照(p<0.05),在较低DEHP浓度(5、10mg·L-1)下,叶绿素a、b含量略呈上升趋势,较高DEHP浓度(≥40mg·L-1)下,则呈下降趋势;DEHP暴露对类胡萝卜素含量影响不大,除80mg·L-1组显著降低(p<0.05)外各实验组差异不大(p>0.05).     

城市富营养化水域的生物治理和凤眼莲抑制藻类生长的机理

应用凤眼莲生态系统治理了上海市区一条富营养化河浜,使水质改善,由于藻类生长受到控制而水变澄清。凤眼莲抑制藻类生长的作用机制除了对光和矿质营养的竞争外,主要是由于凤眼莲根系向水体分泌化合物,能伤害和清除藻类(剋制作用Allelopaihic effect)。根圈栖生的一种软体动物——水蜗牛,以藻类为食,也是凤眼莲生态系统清除藻类的一个因素。     

低pH值,铝及钙铝比对斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)谷胱甘肽含量影响研究

本文研究了低pH值条件下,铝及钙铝比对斜生栅藻生长及细胞中谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平的影响.结果表明,低pH值和铝对藻的生长具有抑制作用,而对细胞中GSH水平则有显著激发作用;当培养基中加入适量钙离子,一定程度降低藻细胞中GSH水平.这说明钙对低pH值及铝的毒害具有一定缓解作用,其缓解程度主要取决于钙与铝的相对量;并讨论了钙缓解作用的可能机理.     

Compliance with Regulations by “Swim-with-Dolphins” Operations in Port Phillip Bay,Victoria, Australia

Managing the activities of commercial wildlife viewing tends to involve either restricting the number of industry participants and/or regulating the activities or industry participants. We report on operator compliance with regulations regarding humans swimming with free-ranging bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.) in Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, Australia. A total of 128 commercial dolphin-swim trips was studied between September 1998 and April 2000. Four permit conditions were investigated: approach type, swim time, time in proximity of dolphins, and presence of “fetal fold” calves. Results demonstrate noncompliance by operators to all of the four permit conditions studied. Compliance with temporal conditions was poorer than with other conditions. When conducting studies on the extent to which tourism affects cetaceans, investigators should consider whether tourist operations comply with existing regulations or guidelines.     

叉鞭金藻净化废水中微量铅的研究

以叉鞭金藻作为生物吸附剂，去除废水中微量Pb^2 。结果表明，培养4d左右的叉鞭金藻对Pb^2 的去除能力最强；随着藻细胞密度的增大，藻体对Pb^2 的去除率也增大；当pH为5～7时，藻细胞对Pb^2 有较好的吸附作用。研究还表明，叉鞭金藻对Pb^2 的生物吸附经历了快速的吸附和缓慢的吸收两个步骤；离子强度Pb^2 的吸附有一定的抑制作用；在一定的浓度范围内，叉鞭金藻对Pb^2 的生物吸附符合Freundlich等温吸附模型。     

萘降解质粒pND6的分离和鉴定

从工业废水中分离的假单胞菌 (Pseudomonassp .)ND6菌株 ,能以萘为唯一碳源生长 ,使无机盐培养基(MM)中 2g/L的萘在 48h内降解 98% .该菌株含有一个 115kb的大质粒pND6 .DNA杂交实验表明 ,pND6质粒含有与恶臭假单胞菌 (P .putida)G7菌株的NAH7质粒同源的萘降解基因 .图 3表 1参 14     

多物质联用对磷石膏中磷的固定效果与机理分析

采用微生物-植物联用的磷石膏无害化处理方法,在磷石膏渣场土壤中富集筛选出2种聚磷菌,通过鉴定得知分别是假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp.)和恶臭假单胞菌(Pseudomonas putida)。将生石灰改性的磷石膏与少量土壤按质量比混合后,与已经配置的有机肥-微生物液体菌剂均匀混合,按不同混合比例放入渗滤土柱装置中并在表层种植高羊茅,底部收集渗滤液,通过钼酸铵分光光度法测量液体中总磷浓度变化,磷石膏∶土∶生石灰∶有机肥∶微生物∶草籽质量比为7∶3∶0.2∶0.2∶0.03∶0.03的组磷浸出浓度在1 mg/L以下,质量比为8∶2∶0.2∶0.2∶0.03∶0.03的组浸出液总磷浓度不超过4 mg/L,对比新鲜磷石膏浸出液总磷浓度（633.9 mg/L）,多物质联合处理磷石膏中磷的固定率达到99%。筛选的菌株在混合土壤中存活量最高可达6.4×10⁶ cfu/mL且活菌数量随时间保持稳定或缓慢增长趋势。为解决磷石膏堆积区磷浸出浓度超标的问题以及磷石膏无害化处理提供了有效支撑。

     

流式细胞计分析海洋微微型浮游生物:样品固定及贮存方法

以流式细胞计为海洋微微型浮游生物的分析工具,研究了醛类固定剂的固定、液氮贮存对于微微型浮游生物的细胞大小、密度、藻红素荧光值(FL2)和叶绿素荧光值(FL3)的影响.实验主要结论为1)液氮环境适于贮存固定的微微型浮游生物样品,而未固定样品在液氮中贮存后细胞密度有损失;2)醛类固定剂对微微型浮游生物样品的细胞密度基本没有影响;3)醛类固定剂可增强微微型浮游生物的荧光强度,其中戊二醛主要影响聚球藻的FL2强度,多聚甲醛主要影响FL3强度.认为多聚甲醛是适用于微微型浮游生物的固定剂,推荐使用浓度为0.8%~1.2%,此外戊二醛浓度为0.05%、多聚甲醛浓度为0.8%~1.2%的混合固定剂亦适用于固定微微型浮游生物.图4参15