菌株Pseudomonas sp.JF122降解苯酚同时还原Cr(Ⅵ)的条件优化及生长特性研究

采用富集培养法,从钢铁厂附近河流污泥中分离筛选到1株能同时降解苯酚与还原Cr(Ⅵ)的菌株JF122.在600 mg.L-1苯酚与1.2mg·L-1 Cr(Ⅵ)的条件下,采用单因素实验考察了温度、初始pH、该菌接种量等因素对其同时降解苯酚与还原Cr(Ⅵ)的影响,并通过正交试验L9(33)获得适宜的苯酚降解与Cr(Ⅵ)还原条件.结果表明,菌株JF122降解苯酚与还原Cr(Ⅵ)的适宜条件为:30℃、初始pH=6和接种量1％,此条件下,菌株JF122在56 h内能够降解600 mg·L-1苯酚同时还原1.2 mg·L-1 Cr(Ⅵ).应用响应曲面法建立了菌株JF122的生长与温度、初始pH、接种量等因素间关系的数学模型,并对其生长条件进行了优化.结果表明,菌株JF122最优生长条件与其降解苯酚并同时还原Cr(Ⅵ)的最优条件具有一致性.     

苯酚降解菌CM-HZX1菌株的分离、鉴定及降解性能研究

从污水处理厂的活性污泥中分离出一株以苯酚为唯一碳源生长的高效降解苯酚菌CM-HZX1.通过形态特征、生理生化及16S r DNA基因序列分析,初步鉴定菌株属于红球菌(Rhodococcus sp.),16S r DNA在Gene Bank的登录号为KM014567.实验结果表明,菌株CM-HZX1培养及降解苯酚的最适条件为p H=7.0,温度30℃,转速为150 r·min~(-1).该菌株能耐受4%的盐度,适应性强.0.5 g·L~(-1)苯酚在24 h时的降解率可达93.6%,1.5 g·L~(-1)苯酚在48 h时的降解率在90%以上.研究表明,该菌株在处理工业含酚废水方面具有广阔的应用前景.     

Biodegradation of pendimethalin by Bacillus subtilis Y3

A bacterium strain Y3,capable of efficiently degrading pendimethalin,was isolated from activated sludge and identified as Bacillus subtilis according to its phenotypic features and 16 S rRNA phylogenetic analysis.This strain could grow on pendimethalin as a sole carbon source and degrade 99.5%of 100 mg/L pendimethalin within 2.5 days in batch liquid culture,demonstrating a greater efficiency than any other reported strains.Three metabolic products,6-aminopendimethalin,5-amino-2-methyl-3-nitroso-4-(pentan-3-ylamino) benzoic acid,and 8-amino-2-ethyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2-dihydroquinoxaline-6-carboxylic acid,were identified by HPLC-MS/MS,and a new microbial degradation pathway was proposed.A nitroreductase catalyzing nitroreduction of pendimethalin to 6-aminopendimethalin was detected in the cell lysate of strain Y3.The cofactor was nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH) or more preferably nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADH).The optimal temperature and pH for the nitroreductase were 30℃ and 7.5,respectively.Hg~(2+),Ni~(2+),Pb~(2+),Co~(2+),Mn~(2+) Cu~(2+),Ag~+,and EDTA severely inhibited the nitroreductase activity,whereas Fe~(2+),Mg~(2+),and Ca~(2+) enhanced it.This study provides an efficient pendimethalin-degrading microorganism and broadens the knowledge of the microbial degradation pathway of pendimethalin.     

Methyl-β-cyclodextrin enhanced biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and associated microbial activity in contaminated soil

The contamination of soils by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is a widespread environmental problem and the remediation of PAHs from these areas has been a major concern.The effectiveness of ma...     

耐受铅真菌的筛选及其对Pb2+吸附的初步研究

从铅锌矿周围土壤样品中分离、筛选出一株耐铅真菌(命名为PY),对菌株进行了形态观察、生理生化实验及18SrRNA序列分析,并对该菌株的生物吸附性能进行了分析试验.结果表明,菌株PY为镰刀菌属(JQ267373),该菌株在Pb2+浓度550mg·L-1、湿菌量10g·L-1、pH=5.5、25℃、160r·min-1的条件下振荡吸附75min时,对Pb2+的吸附率可达到84%,吸附量为46.2mg·g-1.在Pb2+浓度为750mg·L-1时,其吸附率为77.9%.在25℃时,菌株PY对Pb2+的吸附模型符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温方程.     

多效唑的生物降解性研究

利用从多效唑生产废水排放口土壤中富集获得的混合微生物和纯培养菌研究多效唑的生物降解性。结果表明，微生物生物量与多效唑相对浓度之间呈高度负相关（ｒ＝－０９３）。混合微生物降解多效唑较纯培养菌株快，降解的最适温度为３０℃，最适ｐＨ值为７０，对高ｐＨ值有耐受性。好氧和厌氧条件下微生物均能降解多效唑。富集培养物中的主要构成菌为假单孢菌属（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓｓｐ）。降解动力学反应遵循Ｍｏｎｏｄ关系式。     

Mineralization of p-nitrophenol by a new isolate Arthrobacter sp. Y1

Arthrobacter sp. Y1, capable of metabolizing p-nitrophenol (PNP) as the sole carbon, nitrogen and energy source was isolated from activated sludge. The bacterium could tolerate concentrations of PNP up to 600 mg L^{? 1}, and degradation of PNP was achieved within 120 h of incubation. PNP and its metabolites were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The metabolite formed indicated that the organism followed the 4-nitrocathechol (4-NC) pathway for metabolism of this compound. The relevant degrading-enzyme was extracellular. Addition of other carbon source (glucose 0～ 30 g L^{? 1}) led to accelerated degradation. If the glucose concentration exceeded 30 g L^{? 1}, however, degradation was repressed. Spectrophotometry assay of the nitrite and genotoxic study showed that strain Y1 could detoxify PNP. Therefore, the present study may provide a basis for the development of the bioremediation strategies to remedy the pollutants in the environment.     

红球菌BAP-1对荧蒽的跨膜运输过程

利用同位素示踪法对红球菌BAP-1跨膜运输¹⁴C-荧蒽的过程进行了研究.结果表明在有ATP抑制剂NaN₃的存在下,红球菌BAP-1细胞膜内所结合的¹⁴C-荧蒽含量几乎无变化.结合对微生物体内包涵体的观察,说明当有ATP抑制剂存在的情况下,荧蒽无法通过细胞膜进入到微生物的体内.这表明若是荧蒽无法通过跨膜运输进入到红球菌细胞内,就不能得到有效的生物降解.在不同的底物浓度条件下,微生物对¹⁴C-荧蒽的跨膜运输过程是主动运输过程;在一定底物浓度条件下,菌体膜结合污染物的量会在一定的条件下达到饱和.结合米氏方程分析了红球菌BAP-1对¹⁴C-荧蒽的跨膜运输动力学过程,结果表明底物¹⁴C-荧蒽与微生物之间一直保持较高的亲和力,较高的亲和体系有助于跨膜运输过程的顺利进行.     

Decolorization and bio degradation metabolism of azo dyes by Pseudomonas S-42

A bacterial strain was isolated from activated sludge and has been identified as Pseudomonas sp. S-42 capable of decolorizing azo dyes such as Diamira Brilliant Orange RR (DBO-RR), Direct Brown M (DBM), Eriochrome Brown R (EBR) and so on. The growing cells, intact cells, cell-free extract and purified enzyme of strain S-42 could decolorize azo dyes under similar conditions at the optimum pH 7.0 and temperature of 37℃. The efficiencies of decolorization for DBO-RR, DBM, EBR with intact cells stood more than 90%. When the cell concentration was 15mg (wet)/ml and the reaction time was 5 hours, the decolorizing activities of intact cells for above three azo dyes were 1.75, 2.4, 0.95 μg dye/mg cell, respectively. Cell-free extract and purified enzyme belonged to azoreductase with molecular weight about 34000±2000 and Vmax and Km values for DBO-RR of 13μmol/mg protein/nun and 54μmol, respectively. The results from the detection of the biodegradation products of DBO-RR by spectrophotometric and NaNO2 reac     

假单胞菌摄磷和释磷条件的研究

考察了碳，硫等物质对废水生物脱磷优势菌假单胞菌代谢的影响。结果表明，缺磷环境导致假单胞菌产生过量摄磷现象，假单胞菌无论是经过无碳厌氧，无碳好氧还是无硫厌氧，无硫好氧培养后，转接到富磷培养基内好氧培养时，都产生过量摄磷现象，随着在富磷培养基内的好氧培养时间延长，细胞的摄磷量下降。