CTN-4降解百菌清的条件优化及动力学模型的研究

选用已筛选出的以百菌清为唯一碳源的降解菌株Pseudomonas sp. CTN-4作为百菌清降解菌.采用CCD设计试验,以响应面法优化CTN-4降解百菌清的条件,并建立了降解模型.结果表明,CTN-4降解百菌清的最优条件为:百菌清浓度为102.66mg/L,葡萄糖量为0.40%,初始pH值为7.05.在该条件下理论预测百菌清降解率可达93.89%,与在该条件下测定的实际值95.07%基本吻合.实验表明温度, pH值以及百菌清的初始浓度对百菌清的降解过程都有较大影响.百菌清的降解动力学模型与Compertz模型较为相似,可以用修饰过的Compertz模型进行拟合.     

Methylobacterium sp. YAL-2对乙酰甲胺磷的降解特性

从有机磷生产厂家的下水道污泥中分离出一株对高浓度和低浓度乙酰甲胺磷都具有高效降解能力的寡营养菌YAL-2,根据形态、生理生化和16S rRNA基因系统发育分析,将菌株YAL-2鉴定为Methylobacterium sp.降解特性实验表明,菌株YAL-2能利用乙酰甲胺磷为唯一碳源生长和降解;在添加了甲醇的无机盐培养基中,84 h可完全降解300mg L-1乙酰甲胺磷,24 h将50 mg L-1和10 mg L-1乙酰甲胺磷降至非检测水平;4 d能完全去除100 mg L-1甲胺磷,5 d分别降解58.4%和40.6%的100 mg L-1乐果、敌敌畏.小青菜农药残留去除实验显示,菌株YAL-2可在7 d内将乙酰甲胺磷和甲胺磷将至限量水平.结果表明,将菌株YAL-2应用于保证果蔬等食品的食用安全是可行的.     

变形虫Naegleria sp.TH8的分离鉴定及食藻特性

从太湖水样品中筛选分离到一株能吞噬水华鱼腥藻的原生动物TH8,经形态学及ITS rRNA序列分析鉴定为纳氏属变形虫(Naegleria sp.).显微观察显示变形虫TH8呈蛞蝓状,用透明半球形单伪足爆破前进,有运动滋养体、包囊和鞭毛体3个形态.变形虫TH8能在10~30℃生长并具有食藻活性,但在37℃或灭菌后的水华鱼腥藻中均不能生长.在新鲜水华鱼腥藻中25℃下指数期生长速率达到1.68 cell d-1.食藻特性研究表明,该变形虫在水华鱼腥藻生长的对数初期、对数后期和稳定期的吞食效果优于对数中期.水华鱼腥藻Chl a下降程度与变形虫初始浓度有关.     

UV-B辐射下悬沙对小球藻生长和DNA损伤的影响

研究了UV-B辐射(17μW cm-2,5 min/d)下不同浓度(0、100和1 000 mg L-1)和粒径组成(全粒径组和粒径<38μm组)的悬沙对小球藻(Chlorella sp.)生长和DNA损伤的影响.结果显示,小球藻的生长可用Logistic增长模型拟合,拟合后的生长参数表明悬沙的"遮荫效应"减轻了UV-B辐射对小球藻细胞的DNA损伤,从而对小球藻生长产生正影响.悬沙浓度越高,UV-B辐射对小球藻细胞DNA损伤程度越低,小球藻的环境负载能力a和瞬时增长率K越大.当悬沙浓度为100 mg L-1时,全粒径组a值和K值小于粒径<38μm组,且两组间小球藻细胞DNA损伤差异显著(P<0.05),但当悬沙浓度达1 000 mg L-1时,全粒径组a值和K值大于粒径<38μm组,两组间细胞的DNA损伤无显著差异(P>0.05).图3表2参24     

A system-dynamic model on the competitive growth between Potamogeton malaianus Miq. and Spirogyra sp.

A system-dynamic model has been built to evaluate the competition between submerged macrophytes Potamogeton malaianus Miq. (PM) and filamentous green algae Spirogyra sp. (SP). The data background is based on a spring–summer and an autumn–winter experiment carried out in artificial field ponds. The experiments had the aim to acquire a knowledge base necessary to a successful restoration of submerged macrophyte vegetation in Lake Taihu, China by use of P. malaianus Miq. The model mainly focuses on variations in water volume; biomass dynamics of P. malaianus Miq., Spirogyra sp. and zoobenthos; nutrients cycling between water column, P. malaianus Miq., Spirogyra sp., zoobenthos, detritus and sediment. Sixteen state variables are included in the model: biomass of P. malaianus Miq., Spirogyra sp. and zoobenthos; nitrogen in sediments, detritus, in P. malaianus Miq., in Spirogyra sp. and zoobenthos; total dissolved nitrogen; phosphorus in sediments, detritus, in P. malaianus Miq., in Spirogyra sp. and in zoobenthos; total dissolved phosphorus, and water volume of the experiment pond. The calibration and validation of the model show a good accordance with the results of the spring–summer experiment and the autumn–winter experiment.     

产生物表面活性剂的石油降解菌Acinetobacter BHSN的研究

从石油污染土壤中分离筛选获得1株产生物表面活性剂的石油降解菌株BHSN.经形态观察、生理生化试验、16S rDNA 序列分析等将其鉴定为不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter sp.).研究表明,BHSN菌株能降解石油中C13～C32正构烷烃.BHSN菌株生长和产生物表面活性剂的最适温度为25～30 ℃,最适pH为5.0～8.5.LB培养基中添加终质量浓度为10 g·L-1葡萄糖能促进菌体的生长,但不利于表面活性剂的合成;添加蔗糖、乳糖、麦芽糖和木糖对菌体的生长和表面活性剂的合成均有促进作用,其中麦芽糖的促进作用最强.初步研究表明,BHSN菌株产的生物表面活性剂为脂肽类;BHSN发酵液的表面张力由初始68.3 mN·m-1降低到28.6 mN·m-1.     

苯醚甲环唑降解菌B2的分离、鉴定及其降解特性

从长期生产苯醚甲环唑的农药厂污泥中分离到1株能以苯醚甲环唑为唯一碳源生长的细菌,命名为B2.根据其生理生化特征和16S rRNA基因序列相似性分析,将该菌株鉴定为剑菌属(Ensifer sp.).菌株B2在24h内降解100mg/L的苯醚甲环唑的效率达85%以上.该菌株降解苯醚甲环唑的最适pH值为7.0,最适温度为30~35℃,降解速率与初始接种量呈正相关,与初始农药浓度呈负相关.基础盐培养基中,B2对初始浓度>400mg/L的苯醚甲环唑几乎无降解作用.     

Biosorption of hexavalent chromium and malachite green from aqueous effluents,using Cladophora sp.

Biosorption potential of green macroalgae Cladophora sp., (GAC) for the removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) and malachite green (MG) from aqueous medium was investigated. Optimal conditions for biosorption experiments were determined as a function of initial pH, GAC dosage, temperature and initial concentration of Cr(VI) and MG. The biosorption equilibrium data were fitted with the isotherm models of Langmuir, Freundlich, Kiselev, Frumkin and Jovanovic, while the experimental data were analysed using the kinetic models such as pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Ritchie's and intraparticle diffusion. The Langmuir maximum biosorption capacity was calculated as 100.00?mg/g (Cr(VI)) and 142.85?mg/g (MG). The biosorption kinetic data showed better agreement with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The thermodynamic parameters indicated spontaneous and endothermic nature of the biosorption process for Cr(VI) removal, whereas exothermic in the case of MG removal. Furthermore, the biosorption efficiencies of the GAC reusability were found significant up to five cycles and tested using 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0?M HCl, respectively. The results of the present study indicated that GAC is a suitable biosorbent for the sequestration of Cr(VI) and MG from aqueous solutions.     

Screening and identification of bacterial strain producing (R)-1-phenyl-1,2-Ethanediol by efficient whole-cell catalytic reduction system北大核心CSCD

(R)-1-Phenyl-1,2-ethanediol [(R)-PED] is an important chiral intermediate used to synthesize pharmaceutical intermediates. The production of (R)-PED is of great practical significance. A novel bacterial strain HBU-SI7 isolated from soil samples was screened using a-hydroxyacetophenone (2-HAP) as substrate, which is capable of enantioselective reduction of 2-HAP to (R)-PED. HBU-SI7 was identified as Rhodococcus sp. by bacterial morphological observation and 16S rDNA analysis. The analysis of whole-cell catalytic system showed that the bioconversion of 2-HAP reached 96.2% in the two-phase reaction system (dibutyl phthalate/phosphate buffer = 1/3, V/V) with the substrate concentration of 3.0 g/L, and 99.3% of e.e. for (R)-PED was achieved. A new enantio selective reduction system with the whole cells of Rhodococcus sp. was established for efficient production of (R)-PED, which has potential research and application values. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

利用休止细胞法选择性脱除燃料油中有机硫

红球菌(Rhodococcus sp .)FS-1菌株能通过专一性断裂C—S键的途径脱除二苯并噻吩 (DBT)中的有机硫作为自身生长需要的硫源 ,从而降低油品中的硫含量 .本文利用该菌的休止细胞对DBT和柴油的脱硫活力进行了研究 .结果表明 ,该菌株对DBT及柴油中的有机硫均有良好的选择性脱除作用 .DBT浓度为0.5～1.0mmol/L、油水比例为 1:5时 ,脱硫效果最佳 .采用二次脱硫法可使柴油脱硫率达85%以上 ,证明FS-1能有效脱除柴油中的有机硫 .烃质组分的气相色谱分析表明 ,FS-1作用前后的柴油烃类组分基本没有改变 ,说明该菌的脱硫作用是特异性针对硫原子的 ,不会破坏柴油的有效成分 .