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91.
Macken A Giltrap M Foley B McGovern E McHugh B Davoren M 《Environment international》2008,34(7):1023-1032
This paper describes the ecotoxicological evaluation of marine sediments from three sites around Ireland representative of a range of contaminant burdens. A comprehensive assessment of potential sediment toxicity requires the consideration of multiple exposure phases. In addition to the evaluation of multi-exposure phases the use of a battery of multi-trophic test species has been advocated by a number of researchers as testing of single or few organisms may not detect toxicants with a specific mode of action. The Microtox(R) solid phase test (SPT) and the 10-d acute amphipod test with Corophium volutator were used to assess whole sediment toxicity. Porewater and elutriates were assessed with the Microtox(R) acute test, the marine prasinophyte Tetraselmis suecica, and the marine copepod Tisbe battagliai. Solvent extracts were assayed with the Microtox(R) and T. battagliai acute tests. Alexandra Basin was identified as the most toxic site according to all tests, except the Microtox(R) SPT which identified the Dunmore East site as being more toxic. However, it was not possible to correlate the observed ecotoxicological effects with a specific and/or class of contaminants based on sediment chemistry alone. Therefore porewaters found to elicit significant toxicity (Dunmore East and Alexandra Basin) with the test battery were selected for further TIE assessment with T. battalgiai and the Microtox(R) system. The results of this study have important implications for risk assessment in estuarine and coastal waters in Ireland, where, at present the monitoring of sediment and water quality is predominantly reliant on chemical analysis alone. 相似文献
92.
Bhattarai R Kalita PK Yatsu S Howard HR Svendsen NG 《Journal of environmental management》2011,92(3):803-812
Soil erosion due to water and wind results in the loss of valuable top soil and causes land degradation and environmental quality problems. Site specific best management practices (BMP) are needed to curb erosion and sediment control and in turn, increase productivity of lands and sustain environmental quality. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of three different types of biodegradable erosion control blankets- fine compost, mulch, and 50-50 mixture of compost and mulch, for soil erosion control under field and laboratory-scale experiments. Quantitative analysis was conducted by comparing the sediment load in the runoff collected from sloped and tilled plots in the field and in the laboratory with the erosion control blankets. The field plots had an average slope of 3.5% and experiments were conducted under natural rainfall conditions, while the laboratory experiments were conducted at 4, 8 and 16% slopes under simulated rainfall conditions. Results obtained from the field experiments indicated that the 50-50 mixture of compost and mulch provides the best erosion control measures as compared to using either the compost or the mulch blanket alone. Laboratory results under simulated rains indicated that both mulch cover and the 50-50 mixture of mulch and compost cover provided better erosion control measures compared to using the compost alone. Although these results indicate that the 50-50 mixtures and the mulch in laboratory experiments are the best measures among the three erosion control blankets, all three types of blankets provide very effective erosion control measures from bare-soil surface. Results of this study can be used in controlling erosion and sediment from disturbed lands with compost mulch application. Testing different mixture ratios and types of mulch and composts, and their efficiencies in retaining various soil nutrients may provide more quantitative data for developing erosion control plans. 相似文献
93.
94.
Zhenming Zhou Canyang Lin Shuwen Li Shupo Liu Fei Li Baoling Yuan 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(3):29
95.
运河(杭州段)底质有机质与重金属元素相关性的探讨 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
通过对京杭大运河 (杭州段 )底质的监测 ,探讨了底质有机质与 8种重金属元素的相关性 ,并对其成因作出了解释 ,得出了 8种重金属在运河 (杭州段 )底质中易积累的顺序。 相似文献
96.
青海湖沉积物稳定碳同位素常常被用来指示古环境的变化,然而准确地解译其信号需要充分认识溶解无机碳同位素比值(δ13CDIC)变化及其控制因素。本文利用沉积物捕获器连续一年收集的青海湖湖水及颗粒物,通过其中湖水的δ13CDIC和细颗粒沉积物中碳酸盐稳定碳同位素(δ13Ccarb)的同步分析,结合湖水δ13CDIC的垂直分布和表层沉积物δ13Ccarb及有机碳同位素(δ13Corg),探讨了有机质分解在δ13CDIC和δ13Ccarb中的调节作用。结果表明,从沉积物捕获器中获得的湖水δ13CDIC的变化主要受控于与外界隔绝后(微)生物对有机质的分解作用,但这种(微)生物分解作用并不会影响到δ13Ccarb比值。这些现象反映了(1)还原环境下(微)生物对有机质的分解作用对水体δ13CDIC有重要影响和(2)青海湖自生碳酸盐主要从上层湖水沉淀,且形成后不再与周围水体发生交换作用。 相似文献
97.
为研究典型有机污染物在黄河兰州段的吸附规律及影响因素,以黄河兰州段的底泥为供试样品,选择对羟基联苯(phydroxy biphenyl,PHB)为代表性有机污染物,采用批量实验法研究了底泥对PHB的吸附动力学和热力学特征及其影响因素.结果表明,黄河兰州段底泥对PHB吸附动力学的最优模型为准二级动力学模型,吸附热力学过程更符合单分子层吸附的Langmuir等温吸附模型(R20.974),在25~45℃温度范围内,PHB在黄河兰州段底泥上的吸附平均自由能(E)在0.913~1.00 k J·mol~(-1)之间,吸附过程中,ΔGθ和ΔHθ均小于0,ΔSθ均大于0,表明黄河兰州段底泥对PHB的吸附过程主要是物理吸附,属于自发放热过程且体系的混乱度是增加的.分析黄河兰州段底泥对PHB吸附影响因素的结果表明,粒径越小,黄河底泥对PHB的吸附量越大;PHB的初始质量浓度越高,黄河底泥对PHB的吸附量越大;当p H在4.23~7.00之间时,吸附量随pH升高而缓慢下降,当pH7.00时,吸附量随pH升高急剧下降,且在pH=10.3附近,吸附量几乎为零;体系中离子强度增大,PHB吸附量增大,但当离子强度到一定值时,由于竞争吸附作用,会抑制底泥对PHB的吸附,造成吸附量的下降. 相似文献
98.
采用野外采样室内分析方法,对泰州某电镀污染区12种优势植物和对应土壤中的Cu、Cr、Cd、Pb和Ni5种重金属含量进行测定,揭示了优势植物对复合污染重金属的富集和转运特征。结果表明,该电镀污染区土壤中Cd平均含量为4.10 mg/kg,是GB15618—2008《土壤环境质量标准》中二级标准9.1倍。植物吸收重金属的富集滞留在地上部较多,香樟对Cd,双穗雀稗、野艾篙、牛筋草对Cu,双穗雀稗对Cr,三叶草、蒲公英对Pb,双穗雀稗、苣荬菜对Ni表现出重金属植物修复的潜力,它们是修复Cd污染土壤的理想植物。 相似文献
99.
Binghui Zheng Xiaolei Liu Rui Guo Qing Fu Xingru Zhao Shanjun Wang Sheng Chang Xing Wang Mengjiao Geng Guang Yang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(11):97-109
In this work, a method was developed and optimized for the analysis of polyfluoroalkyl and/or perfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs) content in surface water and sediment samples with high instrumental response and good separation. Surface water and sediment samples were collected from the Yangtze River Delta(YRD) to analyze the distribution characteristics of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids(PFCAs), perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids(PFSAs), perfluoroalkyl phosphonic acids(PFPAs), perfluoroalkyl phosphinic acids(PFPiAs), and polyfluoroalkyl phosphoric acid diesters(di PAPs). The results showed that the total concentrations of PFCAs and PFSAs in YRD varied from 31 to 902 ng/L. PFCAs(≥ 11 carbons) and PFSAs(≥ 10 carbons atoms) were not detected in any surface water samples. The mean concentrations of all PFCAs and PFSAs in surface water from the sampling areas decreased in the following order:Yangtze river(191 ng/L) ≈ Taihu lake(189 ng/L) Huangpu river(122 ng/L) ≈ Qiantang river(120 ng/L) Jiaxing urban river(100 ng/L). Strong significant(p 0.05) correlations between the concentrations of many of the compounds were found in the sampling areas, suggesting a common source for these compounds. Only perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA) was observed in all sediment samples, at concentrations varying from 0.02 to 1.35 ng/g. Finally, detection rates of two di PAPs were only 8% and 10%, respectively and the concentration of di PAPs was two to three times lower compared to PFCAs and PFSAs. 相似文献
100.