不同季节中水回用于景观水体的藻类增长模拟

文章基于wASP的富营养化模型,模拟了在各季节中水回用于城市景观水体时,不同水质和换水周期条件下叶绿素a峰值和平衡浓度的变化情况.模拟结果表明:(1)在中水水质和换水周期一定时,水华风险在夏季最大,春秋季次之,冬季最小;(2)在夏季和春秋季节,叶绿素a平衡浓度随着换水周期的减小先升高后降低;并且当换水周期小于3天时,减...     

水体底质中磷对菹草生长的影响

通过5个含磷质量分数不同的底质内菹草的生长试验,研究了水体底质中含磷质量分数的单因子差异对菹草生长的影响.结果表明,含磷质量分数≤2.0 g/kg的底质中菹草在试验期间均正常生长,含磷质量分数的增加对菹草生物量的累积和平均株高的增长起促进作用;当底质中含磷质量分数达到2.5 g/kg,从试验中期(21 d)开始,菹草正...     

仿刺参幼参对Cu2+的蓄积及Cu2+慢性胁迫对其生长的影响

在水温10 ～12℃条件下,研究了仿刺参幼参暴露于Cu2+浓度为0.010 mg/L、0.012 mg/L和0.050 mg/L的海水中75 d,对其生长和存活的影响及对Cu2的蓄积情况.结果表明,Cu2+浓度为0.010 mg/L和0.012 mg/L组中幼参未发生中毒现象,存活率均为100％.前者体长、体重增长率与...     

Impact of fertilization on chestnut growth, N and P concentrations in runo water on degraded slope land in South China

Growing fruit trees on the slopes of rolling hills in South China was causing serious environmental problems because of heavy application of chemical fertilizers and soil erosion. Suitable sources of fertilizers and proper rates of applications were of key importance to both crop yields and environmental protection. In this article, the impact of four fertilizers, i.e., inorganic compound fertilizer, organic compound fertilizer, pig manure compost, and peanut cake （peanut oil pressing residue）, on chestnut （Castanea mollissima Blume） growth on a slope in South China, and on the total N and total P concentrations in runoff waters have been investigated during two years of study, with an orthogonal experimental design. Results show that the organic compound fertilizer and peanut cake promote the heights of young chestnut trees compared to the control. In addition, peanut cake increases single-fruit weights and organic compound fertilizer raises single-seed weights. All the fertilizers increased the concentrations of total N and total P in runoff waters, except for organic compound fertilizer, in the first year experiment. The observed mean concentrations of total N varied from 1.6 mg/L to 3.2 mg/L and P from 0.12 mg/L to 0.22 mg/L, which were increased with the amount of fertilizer applications, with no pattern of direct proportion. On the basis of these experiment results, organic compound fertilizer at 2 kg/tree and peanut cake at 1 kg/tree are recommended to maximize chestnut growth and minimize water pollution.     

附植藻类对沉水植物狐尾藻生长及生理的影响

为进一步了解附植藻类对沉水植物的影响,以狐尾藻为研究对象,通过室内模拟实验,研究了有无附植藻类情况下,狐尾藻根长、株长、生物量、可溶性蛋白含量、叶绿素含量、MDA含量、SOD、POD以及CAT等的变化情况.结果表明:未添加藻类处理组中狐尾藻的生物量最大是添加藻类处理组的2.49倍,实验末期未添加藻类处理组的叶绿素含量是添加藻类处理组的1.87倍,说明附植藻类的大量繁殖会影响狐尾藻生物量的合成,降低狐尾藻的叶绿素含量;添加附植藻类处理组的POD和CAT酶活性在实验后期均显著高于无附植藻类的处理组,且实验末期狐尾藻的MDA含量显著上升,说明附植藻类的大量繁殖使狐尾藻细胞膜损害严重,影响了抗氧化保护酶系统,最终导致狐尾藻衰败显著.附植藻类的大量繁殖是沉水植物衰败的原因之一.     

中国沿海地区经济增长与海洋环境污染现状分析研究

随着沿海地区经济的快速增长,与之对应的海洋环境污染状况也日益严重.文章对中国沿海地区的经济发展和海洋环境污染状况进行了定性分析,认为当前中国沿海地区已经成为全国经济的核心,近十年来,尽管中国海洋环境质量有所改善,但是陆源污染尤其是工业废水的直接排放及海洋环境灾害的发生令海洋环境总体状况不容乐观.只有通过增加环保资金投入、强化环境执法、坚持因地制宜发展等有效措施才能促进海洋经济与环境的协调可持续发展.     

Post‐Ike economic resilience along the Texas coast

The economic devastation resulting from recent natural disasters has spawned intense interest in programmes that promote regional resilience. The economic impacts of Hurricane Ike (September 2008) endured long beyond the storm's landfall, compounded by a national recession. This study analyses the pattern of post‐Ike industrial growth in eight coastal counties of Texas, United States, and identifies sources of resilience and potential drivers of recovery. The results indicate that post‐disaster growth patterns differ from established growth patterns. Levels of resilience vary across industrial sectors, and service sectors tend to lead a recovery. The resilience of the hotel and restaurant sector, for instance, suggests that the presence of relief workers might immunise certain sectors against a post‐disaster economic downturn. Besides the sectors that are generally resilient, each county has its own distinct sectors that, depending on the extent of the damage suffered, tend to perform strongly after a disaster, owing to the characteristics of the respective county's economy.     

Effects of zinc stress on growth and antioxidant enzyme responses of Kandelia obovata seedlings

This study evaluated the tolerance and accumulation potential in the mangrove Kandelia obovata under moderate and high levels of external Zn. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of a range of external Zn concentrations (0–400 mg L^?1) on the growth of this species by counting the lateral root number and measuring the root length, leaf area, and total dry biomass. We also determined the Zn accumulation in plant tissues. K. obovata survived with external Zn concentrations of up to 400 mg L^?1, although the excess metal resulted in a biomass reduction of 34%. A significant increase in antioxidant enzyme activities occurred in roots of plants under high-level Zn stress, suggesting that K. obovata seedlings could tolerate up to 200 mg L^?1 zinc treatment.     

菲胁迫下湿生植物美人蕉(Canna indica)对斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)生长的影响

多环芳烃有机污染物的环境问题日益严重,亟待需求从群落及生态系统的角度进行毒理学复合危害效应的研究。本文采用以美人蕉(Canna indica)种植根区水培养斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)的方式,观察菲胁迫下其生长的变化。结果表明,美人蕉种植根区水对斜生栅藻生长具有化感效应,且表现为"低促高抑"的现象。而在菲胁迫下,种植根区水比例为15%和30%时随着菲浓度的增加,生长促进作用增强,且在菲浓度为1 mg·L-1出现最高值;在100%种植根区水时随着菲浓度的增加生长抑制作用增强。说明,菲胁迫使美人蕉种植根区水对藻类的化感效应增强。进行逻辑斯谛生长拟合发现,30%、1 mg·L-1处理组种群内禀增长率最高,斜生栅藻种群出现暴发增长的生态风险最大。     

孕鼠PFOS暴露对糖皮质激素水平及胎鼠生长发育的影响

为探究孕期全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)暴露与母源糖皮质激素(GC)水平、胎鼠生长发育之间的关系,将孕期为12 d(GD12)的24只SD雌性大鼠,随机分为4组给予不同剂量的PFOS(0,5,10,20 mg·kg-1),连续灌胃7 d,在GD19时对孕鼠和胎鼠的体重、胎鼠肝脏系数和肝脏生化指标、孕鼠血清的生化指标和GC水平、胎盘11β-羟基类固醇脱氢酶2(11β-HSD2)的酶学活性和胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)的mRNA表达水平分别进行检测。结果表明,与对照组相比:PFOS 20 mg·kg-1组,母鼠体重、胎鼠体重和体长显著下降(P0.001);PFOS 20 mg·kg-1组,胎鼠肝脏脏器系数低于对照组(P0.001);PFOS 10 mg·kg-1组,胎鼠肝脏中的酶活性(ALT、AST和ALP等)显著升高(P0.001);PFOS 20 mg·kg-1组,孕鼠血清GC水平升高(P0.05);胎盘IGF-1的mRNA表达水平随PFOS剂量升高而降低;胎盘11β-HSD2的活性随PFOS剂量升高而降低。研究表明,孕期暴露PFOS可以导致胎鼠肝脏毒性,降低胎盘11β-HSD2氧化活性导致GC浓度升高,进而影响胎鼠的生长发育。