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51.
Sri Lanka provides an ideal opportunity for the study of the effect of geology on human health. The vast majority of the people
of Sri Lanka still live in rural areas within areas termed geochemical provinces. Very broadly, one could say that a geochemical
province has characteristic chemical composition in soil, water stream sediments and rocks, enabling their delineation from
others. The chemical composition is presumed to be have an impact on the health of the inhabitants of the particular geochemical
province, particularly because of the fact that their food and water are obtained mostly from the terrain itself. This leads
to the concept of “diseases of geochemical origin”. Among these are dental fluorosis, iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs) and
selenium-based diseases. The Dry Zone of Sri Lanka has several areas rich in groundwater fluoride, the ingestion of which
leads to dental fluorosis. Iodine deficiency diseases are more common in the Wet Zone, though their aetiologies are more complicated.
Interestingly, it has also been observed that significant proportions of the female population of Sri Lanka are selenium-deficient,
which could well be related to the geological environment. Chronic renal failure (CRF) has been observed in some areas of
the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka, where there is a relationship of CRF with the mineral content of drinking water. This subject matter
falls under the auspices of Medical Geology, a scientific discipline still in its infancy, and much more concerted studies
are needed to attract the attention of medical research. 相似文献
52.
Yanhong Wang Xinyan Shi Xianxin Huang Chunlei Huang Helin Wang Hanqin Yin Yixian Shao Ping Li 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(2):269-279
Selenium(Se) is an essential micronutrient for lives. Indigenous microbial communities play an important role on Se geochemistry in soils. In this study, the microbial community composition and functions of 53 soil samples were investigated using high-throughput sequencing. Samples were divided into 3 groups with different farming types based on the measured geochemical parameters and microbial functional structures. Results indicated that putative Se related bacteria Bacillus, Dyella, Paenibaci... 相似文献
53.
Julian E. Spallholz PhD L. Mallory Boylan J. David Robertson Linda Smith Mohammad M. Rahman Jason Hook 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(2):203-210
Arsenic (As) contamination of the available domestic drinking water from shallow aquifers to villagers in Bangladesh often exceeds the newest WHO standard of <10 µg As L?1 and the older Bangladeshi standard of <50 µg As L?1. An estimated 9.2 million shallow tube wells in Bangladesh deliver water to 97% of the rural population, placing an estimated 57 million people at risk for arsenicosis. The contamination of drinking water by As extends to W. Bengal, India and Nepal. The same shallow aquifers used for domestic water are also used to irrigate food crops, particularly rice. Irrigation adds As to soils and increases exposure of the population to additional As via foods consumed. Selenium (Se), an essential trace mineral found in soils, is absorbed by plants, entering the human food chain. It was suggested that a low dietary intake of Se may be contributing to the problem of human arsenicosis in Bangladesh. Dietary Se acts as a natural antidote to As by (1) accelerating As excretion, (2) sequestering As by complexation and (3) as an antioxidant component of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase that may counteract the prooxidant effects of As that contribute to arsenicosis and cancer. Analysis of 70 agricultural soil samples from Bangladesh by fluorimetry, ICP-AES and Neutron Activation Analysis showed the soils analyzed to be high in As (~33 µg g?1) and biologically low in soluble Se (~0.02 µg g?1). A low dietary intake of Se related to low soil content and this mineral in foods may be contributing to human arsenicosis in the Ganges–Brahmaputra delta. 相似文献
54.
S. V. R. Weerasooriya S. B. Bulumulla S. A. Tilekaratne Bandara M. U. Jayasekara 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(4):329-336
In order to elucidate the probable etiological factors for the incidence of gastric cancer, the interaction between selenate and fulvic acids was investigated under chemically controlled conditions. The reduction ability of selenate by fulvic acids was enhanced in acidic conditions. The fulvic acids may play an important role in the nitrosation process. Thus the investigations of the mechanism by which selenate interact with fulvic acids will provide a new insight into the chemical activation process by which selenium supplementation is supposed to act as an anticarcinogen. 相似文献
55.
Selenium status in food grains of northern districts of India 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The selenium status in the food grains of the agricultural lands of northern parts of India was estimated by using the HG-AAS technique. The areas where lesser rains were received or less irrigation water was available in northern Indian states viz. Rajasthan and southern parts of the Haryana had higher selenium levels in food grains. Punjab, Himachal Pradesh and northern parts of the Haryana states had normal levels of selenium in their food grains, except for slightly lower selenium levels in a few areas that were affected by floods along the river Yamuna. 相似文献
56.
Peltier GL Meyer JL Jagoe CH Hopkins WA 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,154(2):283-290
We used the biomonitor, Corbicula fluminea, to investigate the contributions of trace elements associated with different point sources and land uses in a large river. Trace elements were analyzed in tissues of clams collected from 15 tributary streams draining five land use or point source types: agriculture, forest, urban, coal-fired power plant (CFPP), and wastewater (WWTP). Clams from forested catchments had elevated Hg concentrations, and concentrations of arsenic and selenium were highest (5.0+/-0.2 and 13.6+/-0.9 microg g(-1) dry mass (DM), respectively) in clams from CFPP sites. Cadmium concentrations were significantly higher in clams from urban and CFPP sites (4.1+/-0.2 and 3.6+/-0.9 microg g(-1) DM, respectively). Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS) of tissue concentrations in clams clustered at CFPP and forest/agriculture sites at opposite ends of the ordination space, and the distribution of sites was driven by Cu, Zn, Cd, and Hg. 相似文献
57.
Speciation plays a crucial role in elemental mobility. However, trace level selenium (Se) speciation analyses in aqueous samples from acidic environments are hampered due to adsorption of the analytes (i.e. selenate, selenite) on precipitates. Such solid phases can form during pH adaptation up till now necessary for chromatographic separation. Thermodynamic calculations in this study predicted that a pH < 4 is needed to prevent precipitation of Al and Fe phases. Therefore, a speciation method with a low pH eluent that matches the natural sample pH of acid rain-soil interaction samples from Etna volcano was developed. With a mobile phase containing 20 mM ammonium citrate at pH 3, selenate and selenite could be separated in different acidic media (spiked water, rain, soil leachates) in <10 min with a LOQ of 0.2 μg L−1 using 78Se for detection. Applying this speciation analysis to study acid rain-soil interaction using synthetic rain based on H2SO4 and soil samples collected at the flanks of Etna volcano demonstrated the dominance of selenate over selenite in leachates from samples collected close to the volcanic craters. This suggests that competitive behavior with sulfate present in acid rain might be a key factor in Se mobilization. The developed speciation method can significantly contribute to understand Se cycling in acidic, Al/Fe rich environments. 相似文献
58.
59.
Is selenium affecting body condition and reproduction in boreal breeding scaup, scoters, and ring-necked ducks? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
DeVink JM Clark RG Slattery SM Wayland M 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,152(1):116-122
Elevated levels of selenium (Se) have been detected in wintering and spring-staging lesser scaup. Here, we compared spring scaup Se and mercury (Hg) levels to those of ring-necked ducks and white-winged scoters, species exhibiting increasing and decreasing boreal populations, respectively. Mercury concentrations were low in all three species. Geometric mean (95%CI) liver Se concentrations were 6.2 (5.5-7.0), 4.6 (4.0-5.4), and 32.6 (28.4-37.3)mg/kg dry weight (dw) in scaup, ringnecks and scoters, respectively. Only scoter livers (66%) were above 33 mg/kgdw Se. Scaup and ringneck Se levels were unrelated to breeding status or lipid and protein levels; breeding scoters and females with greater lipid mass had higher Se than non-breeders. Egg and follicle concentrations in scaup and scoters were normal (mean [95%CI]=2.3 [1.9-2.6] and 2.4 [2.1-2.7]mg/kgdw, respectively). Overall, we found no support for a relationship between selenium and boreal scaup and scoter declines, and discuss current Se threshold concentrations. 相似文献
60.
《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(4):489-499
Recent studies have reported on the toxicity and related oxidative stress of selenium and mercury. The present study compares the effects of Se as sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) and Hg as mercuric chloride (HgCl2) separately and in combination. Rats received repeated oral doses of Se (0.5 μmol/ml), Hg (0.5 μmol/ml), or Se in combination with Hg (0.5 μmol/ml of each) for 5 consecutive days. Rat serum, brain and liver samples were collected for biochemical assays. The following biochemical alterations occurred in response to Hg treatment: protein content (brain and liver), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (brain and serum), acid and alkaline (AcP and AlP) phosphatases (plasma and liver) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) (plasma and liver) activities were significantly (P<0.05) decreased, while lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (plasma, brain and liver), aspartate and alanine aminotransferase (AST, ALT) (serum and liver) activities were significantly increased. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) was significantly increased in brain and liver. Effect of Se alone included decreased AcP, AlP and GST (serum and liver) activities. However, LDH (serum, brain and liver) and AST (liver) and TBARS (brain and liver) increased. Selenium in combination with Hg partially or totally alleviated the toxic effects of Hg on different studied enzymes. It is concluded that Se could be able to antagonize the toxic effects of mercury. 相似文献