Environmental deterioration of farmlands caused by the irrational use of agricultural technologies

Without considering the ecosystem-dependence of agricultural production, irrational use of agricultural technologies could bring only short-term economic benefits but leave long-term environmental deterioration. If some agricultural lands have to be abandoned because of these technologies such as chemical films or groundwater depletion, it will aggravate the burden of remaining lands for maintaining or enhancing production. Thus, agricultural production should be a part of public services, requiring the consideration of interests of different stakeholders and sustainability.     

生态脆弱性评价在矿区规划环评中的应用研究 ——以阜新矿区为例

以辽宁阜新矿区总体规划环评为例,基于生态环境指数,生态敏感性和景观空间结构等指标构建矿区开发生态脆弱性评价指标体系,运用层次分析和综合指数法评价和划分区域生态脆弱性等级,利用GIS技术并结合法规要求将规划矿区划分为适宜、优化、适度、限制和禁止开采等5类地区.评价结果表明,阜新矿区生态脆弱性整体较高,脆弱度属于4级和5级的区块分别约占规划总面积的51.38%和39.36%,且已建和规划新建煤矿全部处在脆弱性较高的区域范围内,矿区开发与生态保护之间的矛盾突出.     

胜利油田油井开采时间对土壤线虫群落的影响

选择胜利油田不同开采时间的油井,研究石油开采对土壤线虫的影响.试验共鉴定出土壤线虫18科39属,其中食细菌线虫23属、食真菌线虫2属、植物寄生线虫9属、杂食/捕食线虫5属.食细菌类线虫数量所占比例最大,达56.36%,其次为食植物类、杂食/捕食类和食真菌类线虫.优势类群为盆咽属(Panagrolaimus)、头叶属(Cephalobus)、真头叶属(Eucephalobus).石油开采时间影响土壤线虫数量与植食性线虫数量,同时还影响线虫群落植物寄生线虫成熟指数(PPI),与开采时间显著相关的线虫有13个属.受石油开采干扰土壤的线虫主要是c-p 1和c-p 2类群.油井开采时间与土壤中w(总石油烃)的相关性不显著,土壤中w(总石油烃)影响线虫成熟指数(MI),而盘旋属(Rotylenchus)数量受石油烃影响较大.      

Why do <Emphasis Type="Italic">Manduca sexta</Emphasis> feed from white flowers? Innate and learnt colour preferences in a hawkmoth

Flower colour is an important signal used by flowering plants to attract pollinators. Many anthophilous insects have an innate colour preference that is displayed during their first foraging bouts and which could help them locate their first nectar reward. Nevertheless, learning capabilities allow insects to switch their colour preferences with experience and thus, to track variation in floral nectar availability. Manduca sexta, a crepuscular hawkmoth widely studied as a model system for sensory physiology and behaviour, visits mostly white, night-blooming flowers lacking UV reflectance throughout its range in the Americas. Nevertheless, the spectral sensitivity of the feeding behaviour of naïve moths shows a narrow peak around 450 nm wavelengths, suggesting an innate preference for the colour blue. Under more natural conditions (i.e. broader wavelength reflectance) than in previous studies, we used dual choice experiments with blue- and white-coloured feeders to investigate the innate preference of naïve moths and trained different groups to each colour to evaluate their learning capabilities. We confirmed the innate preference of M. sexta for blue and found that these moths were able to switch colour preferences after training experience. These results unequivocally demonstrate that M. sexta moths innately prefer blue when presented against white flower models and offer novel experimental evidence supporting the hypothesis that learning capabilities could be involved in their foraging preferences, including their widely observed attraction to white flowers in nature.     

基于弹性理念的城市用地开发战略研究——以上海市宝山区为例

随着市场机制的不断完善,城市土地利用的不确定性需要在战略定位上具备更大的弹性以适应市场的发展。基于弹性理念,在对城市用地开发条件进行辨识的基础上,对土地开发的需求进行了弹性预测,依据人口极限计算出土地弹性需求值域的上下限,确定弹性范围,提出适应社会经济发展需要的用地开发战略目标,并找到将其变为现实的正确途径。在结构上从城市用地开发战略目标的确定、城市用地发展方向的定位以及城市用地模式的选择3个方面,对城市用地开发的战略研究做了深入分析。同时,引入新的思想和方法以及多学科多视角,定性与定量相结合来制定城市用地开发的战略目标。最后,利用上海市宝山区作为实例,对基于弹性理念的城市用地开发战略的研究做了实证分析。     

石油石化企业环境预警系统研究

通过对石油石化企业环境突发事件风险分析,提出建设环境预警系统的必要性,再对国内外常见的地表水环境预警系统构成、环境质量预测模拟软件以及环境预警决策支持系统进行总结,提出符合石油石化行业污染特征的环境预警系统的基本框架。     

湖南涟源人文旅游资源开发探索

在分析湖南涟源丰富的历史文化、名人文化、民俗文化等人文旅游资源概况和开发现状的基础上,提出了关于开发湖南涟源人文旅游资源的一些建议．参5．     

完达山地区药用植物资源调查与开发利用

通过对完达山地区进行长期调查发展,该地区共有药用植物资源80科224种,并以植物分类学进行了统计,提出了合理开发利用药用植物的建议,为研究和合理利用完达山地区药用植物资源提供了基础材料。     

咸宁市桂花旅游资源开发利用研究

根据对咸宁市桂花旅游资源开发利用条件的分析评价,提出咸宁市旅游业的发展应以开发其特有的优势资源“桂花”为先导,并结合其它旅游资源的开发配置,逐步形成集桂花观赏、文化、娱乐、科研、生态及商品生产为一体的桂花旅游资源发展模式。     

伊犁地区农业生态环境与可持续发展—“1515”工程在伊犁地区的实施及生态环

水土资源的开发和生态环境保护是一对矛盾统一体,如何协调发展是当今环保学科的重要课题。本文在论述了伊犁州“1515”工程和伊犁地区生态环境及开发利用现状的基础上,分析预测水土资源开发的影响,并得出了一些基本的可持续发展结论。