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51.
为了研制以硅酸盐/铝酸盐水泥、生石灰、生石膏为主的PC-CAS基封孔材料,采用正交试验优化材料配比、开展膨胀力研究,并用扫描电镜观测料-煤胶结形貌。研究结果表明:材料的最优配比为A2B2C4,其具备优良的流动性、强度及致密性,造浆量达2 100 mL/kg;PC-CAS基材料具有显著的膨胀性,其膨胀力随时间先增大而后趋于稳定,并且该膨胀力随着径向约束的提高而增大;相比于FP材料,PC-CAS基材料产生的膨胀力能够显著降低材料-煤岩界面的空隙并在一定程度上压密煤体内部的裂隙;该材料产生的膨胀力可压密封孔段围岩、提高封孔质量,并为后期“二次注浆”提供保压条件。工业试验结果表明,采用PC-CAS基材料进行封孔可显著改善抽采效果,将原有平均浓度10.11%提升至20.08%。 相似文献
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制备类沸石咪唑酯骨架ZIF-L材料,将其用作微固相萃取吸附剂,处理水中萘、苊、苊烯、芴、菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘等8种痕量典型多环芳烃,再用HPLC测定。试验表明,ZIF-L对上述多环芳烃的萃取效率明显高于商品化萃取材料C 18和多壁碳纳米管。方法在0.100μg/L^200μg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限为0.02μg/L^0.03μg/L,标准溶液5次测定结果的RSD为4.7%~9.5%,实际水样加标回收率为84.5%~115%。将该方法用于北太湖5个点位水样的测定,测定值为未检出~3.40μg/L。 相似文献
53.
Metal Fractionation Studies in Surfacial and Core Sediments in the Achankovil River Basin in India 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bala Krishna Prasad M Ramanathan AL Shrivastav SK Anshumali Saxena R 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,121(1-3):77-102
The Fractionation of Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb, Mn and Cd in the sediments of the Achankovil River, Western Ghats, India using a sequential extraction method was carried out to understand the metal availability in the basin for biotic and abiotic activities. Spatial distribution of heavy metals has been studied. Sediment grain size has significant control over the heavy metal distribution. The fluctuations in their concentration partly depend upon the lithology of the river basin and partly the anthropogenic activities. The sediments are dominated by sand and are moderately to strongly positively skewed and are very leptokurtotic in nature. The quartzite and feldspars are abundant minerals along with significant amount of mica with low clay content. The core sediments show increasing trend of heavy metal concentration with depth due to the recent addition of anthropogenic sources and post-diagenic activities. Significant amount of Cd (18%) was found in carbonate fraction, which may pose environmental problems due to its toxic nature. Small concentrations of metals, except Cd and Cu, are in exchangeable fraction, which indicate low bio-availability. Enrichment Factor (EF) for individual metals shows the contribution from terrregious and in part from anthropogenic sources. Selective Sequential Extraction (SSE) study shows the variation in specific metal distribution pattern, their distribution in different phases and their bio-availability. Maximum amount of the metals were bound to the non-residual fractions (mainly Fe-oxides). Overall, bio-availability of these micronutrients from sediments seems to be very less. Non-residual phase is the most important phase for majority of heavy metals studied. Among the non-residual fraction, maximum amount of the heavy metals bound to Fe-oxides. The study high lights the need for in-depth study of heavy metals distribution and fractionation in the smaller river basins to get precise information on the behavior and transport of heavy metals in the fluvial environment and their contribution to the world ocean. 相似文献
54.
Jaradat QM Massadeh AM Zaitoun MA Maitah BM 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,112(1-3):197-210
Chemical and physical size fractionation of heavy metals were carried out on 20 soil samples from the scrap yard area. Tessier
method was used in sequential extraction. Cadmium showed the highest levels among the other elements studied in the exchangeable
fraction (about 33%), while other elements showed low levels in this fraction (≥1%). Lead and manganese were mostly found
in the Fe–Mn oxide fraction, zinc and iron were mostly in residual fraction, while copper was mostly found in the organic
fraction of the soil. Soil samples were size-fractionated into four sizes: 1000–500, 500–125, 125–53, and less than 53 μm.
The highest levels of Fe, Cu, Pb, Mn, and Cd were found in the medium fraction (500–125 μm), while zinc showed its highest
levels in the fine fraction (125–53 μm). The order of heavy metal load in the size fractions was found to be medium > fine
> coarse > silt for Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb, and Cd, where it was found as fine > medium > coarse > silt for zinc. 相似文献
55.
To investigate the effect of temperature on effective diffusion coefficients and retardation factors for Zn and Cd, combined
diffusion and sequential extraction analyses were conducted at 15 ˚C and 55 ˚C. The effective diffusion coefficients of the metals increased up to ten times according to the increased temperature. On
the other hand, the effect of temperature on the retardation factor depended on the retention mechanisms of the metals. The
distribution coefficient for Zn, which was mainly partitioned in the carbonate phase, increased up to two times with the increase
in temperature. On the other hand, the distribution coefficient for Cd, which was mainly partitioned in the exchangeable phase,
was hardly affected by the temperature change. Results of combined diffusion and sequential extraction analysis showed that
the effect of temperature on the heavy metals’ (Zn and Cd) migration through the compacted natural clay was influenced by
the combined effects of the diffusion coefficient and the retardation factor. Additionally, we could also observe the change
in retention mechanism for the metals with the change in pore water concentration. 相似文献
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采用气相色谱法测定油田区土壤中C_(10)~C_(40)的石油烃,通过优化加速溶剂萃取的条件,使方法在62 mg/L~3 100 mg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限为4.8 mg/kg。用该方法测定石油区短期、中期、长期油井污染土壤样品,5次测定结果的RSD为1.3%~5.2%,加标回收率为84.8%~98.5%,有证标准样品测定结果在可信区间内。 相似文献
60.
采用气相色谱法测定土壤中37种有机磷农药,当取样量为10 g时,37种有机磷农药方法检出限为0. 002~0. 015 mg/kg,测定下限为0. 008~0. 060 mg/kg。低含量加标样品中有机磷农药的加标回收率为72. 8%~104%,相对标准偏差为4. 2%~13. 8%;中含量加标样品中有机磷农药的加标回收率为71. 5%~101%,相对标准偏差为4. 3%~13. 5%;高含量加标样品中有机磷农药的加标回收率为74. 6%~109%,相对标准偏差为6. 8%~14. 6%。该方法灵敏度高、分离效果好、重现性好,能够满足土壤中37种有机磷农药残留检测的要求。 相似文献