硫氮比对废水脱氮与沼气脱硫耦联功能茵的影响

从废水脱氮与沼气脱硫耦联反应器中分离到了2株同步脱氮除硫功能菌--荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)和铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa).在pH 7.0,温度30℃,无供氧,培养时间2 d的条件下进行了2株功能菌纯培养的同步脱氮除硫效果试验,研究了不同硫氮比对同步脱...     

对苯二甲酸降解菌的筛选鉴定及其降解特性的研究

从本公司生物曝气池中筛选分离到了5株能高效降解对苯二甲酸(PTA)的菌株,编号为T1,T3,T5,T6,T7.利用16S rDNA测序后进行序列比对分析结果表明其分别为不动杆菌(Acinetobacter sp),不动杆菌(Acinetobacter sp),松鼠葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus sciuri),松鼠葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus sciuri),恶臭假单胞菌(Pseudomonas putida).在30度,pH7.5,1％接种量的条件下,培养72 h,PTA的降解率可达97％以上.对实际的印染废水中的PTA也有较好的降解效果,培养48 h后降解率最高可达65.6％.其中T1,T3有一定的实际应用价值.     

城市污泥及落叶蚯蚓处理最优条件因子实验研究

蚯蚓的环境生态作用具有促进微生物和其他土壤动物活动、消化分解土壤中重金属的功能,并且能够破碎与分解枯落物。通过城市污泥和城市落叶发酵后建立起蚯蚓养殖基床,以赤子爱胜蚓为主体,通过蚯蚓对污泥中重金属的富集作用实现城市污泥无害化,达到城市污泥与落叶资源化的目的。通过设计四因子四水平正交试验探索赤子爱胜蚓处理城市污泥及落叶的最优条件组合。实验结果表明:在落叶添加比例为35%,蚓床湿度为75%,培养温度为14℃,饲养密度为32mg/g时,赤子爱胜蚓对城市污泥和落叶的处理指标达到峰值,蚯蚓床对于污泥中重金属Cu和Zn的富集量分别为274.32μg/箱和420.98μg/箱,处理效果最佳。     

Fhhh工程菌株降解PTA废水动力学研究

研究了工程菌株Fhhh降解精对苯二甲酸(PTA)石化废水的动力学.将测得的Fhhh降解废水的6项动力学参数值、废水自然参数值、废水排放标准控制值,输入环境生物技术信息学软件(Ebis)进行计算.结果表明,来源于3种保存方法的Fhhh菌株中,所需反应器的最小体积(V_min)为1309m³,比降解率(q_A)的最高数值为0.0136h^-1,是土著菌YZ1的4倍,高于国内外同类研究的4项数值,低于同类研究的2项数值.结果表明,Fhhh工程菌株具有降解PTA废水的显著优势.     

Reduction of wastewater toxicity and change of microbial community in a hydrolysis acidification reactor pre-treating trimethylolpropane wastewater

Trimethylolpropane (TMP) wastewater is one of the most toxic petrochemical wastewater. Toxicants with high concentrations in TMP wastewater often inhibit the activity of microorganisms associated with biological treatment processes. The hydrolysis acidification process (HAP) is widely used to pretreat petrochemical wastewater. However, the effects of HAP on the reduction of wastewater toxicity and the relevant underlying mechanisms have rarely been reported. In this study, an HAP reactor was operated for 240 days, fed with actual TMP wastewater diluted by tap water in varying ratios. The toxicity of TMP wastewater was assessed with the inhibition ratio of oxygen uptake rate. When the organic loading rates were lower than 7.5 kg COD/m³/d, the toxicity of TMP wastewater was completely eliminated. When the actual TMP wastewater was directly fed into the reactor, the toxicity of TMP wastewater decreased from 100% to 34.9%. According to the results of gas chromatographymass spectrometry analysis, four main toxicants contained in TMP wastewater, namely, formaldehyde, 2-ethylacrolein, TMP and 2-ethylhexanol, were all significantly removed, with removal efficiencies of 93.42%, 95.42%, 72.85% and 98.94%, respectively. Compared with the removal efficiency of CODCr, the reduction rate of toxicity is markedly higher by HAP. In addition, the change of microbial community in the HAP reactor, along the operation period, was studied. The results revealed that, compared with the seed sludge, Firmicutes became the dominant phylum (abundance increased from 0.51% to 57.08%), followed by Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes (abundance increased from 59.75% to 25.99% and from 4.70% to 8.39%, respectively).

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Diverse bacterial populations of PM2.5 in urban and suburb Shanghai,China

• Urban aerosols harbour diverse bacterial communities in Shanghai. • The functional groups were associated with nitrogen, carbon, and sulfur cycling. • Temperature, SO₂, and wind speed were key drivers for the bacterial community. Airborne bacteria play key roles in terrestrial and marine ecosystems and human health, yet our understanding of bacterial communities and their response to the environmental variables lags significantly behind that of other components of PM_2.5. Here, atmospheric fine particles obtained from urban and suburb Shanghai were analyzed by using the qPCR and Illumina Miseq sequencing. The bacteria with an average concentration of 2.12 × 10³ cells/m³, were dominated by Sphingomonas, Curvibacter, Acinetobacter, Bradyrhizobium, Methylobacterium, Halomonas, Aliihoeflea, and Phyllobacterium, which were related to the nitrogen, carbon, sulfur cycling and human health risk. Our results provide a global survey of bacterial community across urban, suburb, and high-altitude sites. In Shanghai (China), urban PM_2.5 harbour more diverse and dynamic bacterial populations than that in the suburb. The structural equation model explained about 27%, 41%, and 20%–78% of the variance found in bacteria diversity, concentration, and discrepant genera among urban and suburb sites. This work furthered the knowledge of diverse bacteria in a coastal Megacity in the Yangtze river delta and emphasized the potential impact of environmental variables on bacterial community structure.     

光纤布拉格光栅传感器在钢架结构健康监测中的应用研究

光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)传感器凭借其体积小、灵敏度高、耐腐蚀、抗电磁干扰、分布或者准分布式测量、可实现远距离的监测与传输等优点,在土木工程健康监测中得到日益广泛的应用。本文在光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)传感器的传感原理、标定试验研究基础上,讨论了利用FBG传感系统监测钢架结构在冲击荷载作用下的应变和加速度的可行性;同时利用ANSYS有限元分析软件建立了适用于结构分析的有限元模型,对钢架结构进行了详细的仿真分析计算,最后对理论计算结果及实测结果进行了详细的对比分析,所取得的结果比较接近。研究表明,光纤布拉格光栅传感器可以很好的测量钢架结构的动态响应。     

一株异养脱氮菌的脱氮性能及其影响因素研究

研究异养硝化过程中分离得到一株具有异养脱氮性能的菌株,经16S rRNA鉴定后为Providencia rettgeri菌属,命名为Providencia rettgeri strain YL。在实验室条件下,初步探讨了不同碳氮源、温度、pH值、摇床转速和微量元素对Providencia rettgeri strain YL菌株脱氮作用的影响,研究结果显示,Providencia rettgeri strain YL菌株在葡萄糖和氯化铵为碳氮源的培养基中生长最好,温度为30℃、pH值为7、摇床转速为120 r/min时具有最佳的脱氮效果,微量元素Mg²⁺最有利于Providencia rettgeri strain YL菌株的生长和脱氮。     

First report of microcystin production in Microcystis smithii Komárek and Anagnostidis (Cyanobacteria) from a water bloom in Eastern China

A water bloom sample collected from Lake Dishui in Shanghai was characterized. The morphological identification showed that Micorcystis wesenbergii and Micorcystis smithii were the main component of the bloom. Five strains of M. smithii were successfully isolated. Their 16S rRNA gene sequences based phylogenetic tree showed that the five strains of M. smithii intermixed with strains of other morphospecies in Microcystis. A fragment of mcy gene encoding for microcystin synthetase was detected in one of the five M. smithii strains (CHAB 2183), indicating its potential of microcystin production. High performance liquid chromatography analysis confirmed M. smithii CHAB 2183 to produce microcystin-RR as 1550 g per gram dry weight cells. The present investigation, for the first time, reported the isolated strains of M. smithii and microcystin production from M. smithii.     

利用广义应变花法计算地应变场

根据GPS测量的速度计算地应变是地球动力学研究中非常有意义的一项工作,但计算时涉及数值微分,如何减小其计算误差是一个突出的问题。本文提出将工程测量中的平面应变花分析方法推广到地球球面上的广义应变花方法;并通过对已知位移和应变场的特例下的数值实验,比较常用的最小二乘配置法和广义应变花方法计算应变的精度。结果显示广义应变花法应变的计算精度比最小二乘配置法高。