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61.
With regard to automotive traffic, a tunnel-type semi enclosed atmosphere is characterized by a higher concentration of gaseous pollutants than on urban traffic roads and highlights the gaseous effluent species having an impact on material degradation. Therefore, a transverse approach between air quality and its consequences upon the longevity of materials is necessary, implying better knowledge of tunnel atmosphere and a better understanding of material degradation inside a tunnel for operating administration. Gaseous pollutant measurements carried out in a road tunnel in Rouen (Normandy) give the real world traffic concentrations of experimental exposure conditions. The sampling campaigns, achieved in summer and winter include SO2, NO2, BTEX and aldehyde analyses. Effluent profiles in the upward and downward tubes have been established. The current work shows that SO2, NO2, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propanal and butanal must be considered in the degradation process of materials in a stuffy environment. As regards NO2, its concentration depends on the modification of the automotive fleet. The total aldehyde concentrations indicate no particular trend between the two bores. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propanal, butanal and acrolein species are the most abundant species emitted by vehicles and represent 90% to 95% of the total aldehyde emissions. 相似文献
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以一起直接式原油加热炉炉管穿孔事故为例,介绍了事故处理程序,分析了炉管穿孔的原因是由于漏点腐蚀、坑点腐蚀以及炉管管卡损坏导致的,并提出了类似事故防范对策. 相似文献
63.
对海底管线穿孔后如何阻止溢油、减少海上.油污染,提出了采用负压保护的可行性方案. 相似文献
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Meeta Lavani Priyangshu M. Sarm Ajoy K. Man Simrita Cheem Banwari La 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(8):1394-1402
We compared the efficacy of a natural biocide with four chemical tetrakishydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfonate, benzyl trimethylammonium chloride, and formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, to control microbial induced corrosion in oil pipelines. The efficacy of biocideswere monitored against Desulfovibrio vulgaris and Desulfovibrio gigas in experimental pipes by measuring cell counts, H2S production,Fe(II) production, production of extracellular polymeric substances and structure of biofilm. The treatment with cow urine had minimumplanktonic cell counts of 3 102 CFU/mL as well as biofilm cell counts of 9 101 CFU/mL as compared with tetrakishydroxyl methylphosphonium sulfonate, benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde. Sulfide production was the lowestwith cow urine (0.08 mmol/L), followed by tetrakishydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfonate 0.72 mmol/L. On day 90 of treatment,Fe(II) production was also found to be the lowest with cow urine. The scanning electron microscopic studies indicated that the biofilmbacteria were killed by cow urine. These results demonstrate the cow urine mediated control of microbially induced corrosion, and thisis indicative of its potential as a viable substitute of toxic biocides. To the best of our knowledge, this seems to be the first report whichscreens possible biocidal activity by cow urine as compared to the most common biocides which oil industry is currently using. 相似文献
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Crevice corrosion occurs in a holiday and disbonded region between coating and pipeline steel. Cathodic protection (CP) is generally recognized as the most effective method for corrosion prevention of pipeline, but its effectiveness may be reduced at defects in a disbonded coating. It is difficult to measure and probe corrosion parameters accurately based on experimental work. Therefore, a mathematical model is necessary to identify the phenomena and mechanisms that contribute to the crevice corrosion process. In this work, a mathematical model was developed to determine the evolution of chemical and electrochemical transient processes of crevice corrosion in NaCl dilute solution, and the effect of cathodic protection and crevice width on corrosion of 20# steel pipeline with disbonded coatings. Results have demonstrated that the extent of crevice corrosion depends on the crevice geometry and could be influenced by the increase of crevice depth and decrease of its width. The oxygen concentrations drop significantly inside a crevice whether CP is applied or not and whether crevice width decreased or not. The pH values and conductivity of crevice solution increase with the time. The research provides a theoretical foundation for cathodic protection of pipelines and establishes an effective corrosion model which can identify the phenomena and mechanisms of the crevice corrosion process. This work could be used to help mitigate the corrosion failure of pipelines to prevent catastrophic accidents in oil, gas and chemical process industries. 相似文献
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研究了东南海域岛礁恶劣环境对武器装备的影响.由于岛礁所处地理位置的特殊性,具有复杂的水文、气候等环境因素,致使武器装备性能极易遭受破坏.在岛礁区恶劣环境因素的综合作用下,对武器装备的结构材料腐蚀以及造成电器设备失效等方面影响较大,从而大大降低了武器装备环境适应性及作战效能.针对提高武器装备的岛礁环境适应性,提出了武器装... 相似文献
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