Environmental and resource sustainability of Chinese cities: A review of issues,policies, practices and effects

This paper synthesizes the English literature on current issues, policies and practices, and their effects on environmental and resource sustainability in China's ongoing urbanization. Aspects of urban sustainability reviewed include air, water, solid waste, energy efficiency, transportation and land use. It shows that Chinese cities have been and probably will continue to be struggling with issues such as air pollution, scarcity of clean water, solid waste and greenhouse gas emissions. But there are many opportunities for improvement. It suggests shortages of existing policies and major gaps in knowledge and practice, which can be helpful to policy makers, planners and researchers in China and other developing countries.     

基于在线监测和SWMM模型的合流制排水体制系统化提升方案评估研究

合流制溢流污染严重威胁着下游受纳水体的水环境质量。为科学评估基于海绵城市理念的合流制排水体制系统化提升方案在解决老城区合流制溢流污染方面的效果,以嘉兴市老城区为研究对象,采用在线监测技术和SWMM数学模型相结合的方式,对嘉兴市老城区合流制排水体制系统化提升方案进行了全面评估。经在线监测评估发现,完成海绵城市改造后,嘉兴市老城区在研究期内的溢流频次减少为26次,小雨不会产生溢流;经SWMM模拟评估发现,完成海绵城市改造后,老城区合流制溢流口年溢流频次减少了132.2次。整体来看,基于海绵城市理念的合流制排水体制系统化提升方案突破了传统末端治理的局限,从雨污水产生、收集的全过程对合流制排水体制进行了系统化整治,对于提升全局水环境质量效果显著。     

汽车排气污染问题的探讨

本文主要研究了汽车排气对城市造成的污染危害，在对本市汽车保有量发展趋势现状调查的基础上，探讨了汽车排气污染问题的主要污染源和主要污染成分，以及汽车污染控制各个阶段的控制技术     

沈阳市环境铅污染对儿童健康的影响

实地调查采样、结合GIS技术进行室内综合分析,系统研究了沈阳市大气、土壤、灰尘中铅污染对儿童健康的影响.结果表明,沈阳市环境中铅暴露普遍,铅污染较严重,铅浓度空间分异大,已形成4个高浓度中心.并且大气铅浓度有明显的日、季和年变化规律沈阳市环境铅污染已经影响了儿童健康,0～10岁儿童(ZPP＞2.3μmol/L)血铅范围是10.98～511.2μg/L,平均值是135.59μg/L,40%的儿童血铅水平超标.儿童血铅与大气铅相关性最大,其次是土壤和灰尘.实行无铅汽油之后,大气铅污染有了很大改善,但是土壤和灰尘中的铅容易以扬尘的方式再次进入大气,存在潜在风险,应引起有关部门足够的重视.     

我国低碳城市建设水平及潜能比较

面对国际发展低碳经济大趋势和世界各国低碳发展指标的强力约束,研究探讨了低碳城市建设的概念和关联性因素,包括：经济增长、产业结构、能源结构、能源效率、交通体系、消费方式、碳汇发展和制度创新等。尝试构建了低碳城市建设水平测度指标体系并比较分析了我国一些主要城市低碳发展水平和潜能,以期加快我国低碳城市建设,促使我国从传统经济发展方式向低碳经济发展方式转型。     

唐山市典型岩溶塌陷概述

本文在分析唐山市区几个典型岩溶塌陷(凤凰山公园荷花池塌陷、唐山十中塌陷、体育场岩溶塌陷)的分布规律、形成条件及影响因素的基础上,提出了综合防治措施。     

安徽省会经济圈土地利用变化的碳排放效益

土地利用变化是影响碳排放的重要因素。利用1997和2007年土地利用类型数据,采用碳排放评价模型,对安徽省会经济圈碳排放效益进行评价,并估算碳排放生态补偿标准。研究结果显示:①1997-2007年间碳排放总量增加1 049.92×10⁴ t,年均增长14.4%;②2007年经济圈内地均建设用地碳排放强度和地均碳排放强度分别为1997年的2.41倍、 2.18倍,1997和2007年,碳排放强度指数值都是合肥市>巢湖市>六安市;③经济圈内各县(区)地均碳排放强度差异显著,建设用地平均碳排放强度前3位的是合肥市区、 霍山县、 金寨县;④据中国造林成本的价格估算,合肥、 巢湖、 六安3市的碳汇补偿增加量分别为:21.83×10⁸、 4.31×10⁸、 2.48×10⁸元,县域生态补偿额差异显著;⑤土地利用结构、 产业结构与碳排放量存在一定的关系。从碳排放效益和生态补偿的角度,提出减少碳排放的途径。     

Soil Lead at Elementary Public Schools: Comparison Between School Properties and Residential Neighbourhoods of New Orleans

Soil studies, conducted in Maryland, Minnesota and Louisiana, have described the urban pattern of lead contamination. They have shown that the highest amounts of lead cluster within the interior of the largest cities. The results of the New Orleans urban patterns of distribution of soil lead provided the basis for further study. The hypothesis was tested that elementary school properties have the same pattern of soil lead contamination as their neighbouring residential communities. Thirty New Orleans Public Elementary Schools were selected for this study. Surface samples (2.5cm or 1 inch depth) were collected from playgrounds and next to entrances of each school. Results showed that soil lead on school properties follows the same relative contamination patterns (pvalue10^–5) as soil lead on residential properties of neighbouring communities. Schools however, have significantly lower lead contamination than the neighbouring residential properties. Innercity school properties present a higher risk of soil lead exposure than mid and outercity schools. Soils next to innercity school entrances showed the highest lead, with 18.5% having concentrations over 400gg^–1. Systematic landscaping around the school entrances would significantly reduce the hazard from lead dust contaminated soils.     

福州市经济增长与环境污染的计量分析

根据环境库兹涅茨曲线原理,选取福州市1990年-2008年的经济与环境数据,运用EXCEL软件,分析福州市经济因子与环境因子的相关关系,并建立模拟经济因子与环境因子之间动态回归模型．通过人均GDP污染排放量模型发现,福州市污染排放量并不符合环境库兹涅茨曲线的倒“U”模型。工业废水排放量呈现正“U”型。工业废气排放量与工业固废产生量呈现倒“U”型的左侧部分,转折点尚未出现。环境质量并非随着GDP的增长而增高,产业结构调整、环境政策实施以及工业化进程等因素是决定环境质量的主导因素。     

矿业城市生态风险评价研究进展

矿业城市作为我国资源供应的重点区域,对国民经济发展起着举足轻重的作用.通过文献综述的方法,在明确矿业城市生态风险评价工作意义的基础上,归纳总结了矿业城市生态风险评价的研究进展.从矿业城市生态风险评价研究主题、研究内容、评价理论框架和具体研究方法展开评述,分析了矿业城市生态风险热点关键词时区演化趋势、矿业城市生态风险基本...