公安消防部队化学事故救援装备现状及需求分析

如何提高化学事故救援装备的整体水平,已成为当前公安消防部队面临的一个重要课题。对我国公安消防部队化学事故救援装备现状进行了研究,从消防员防护装备、化学事故抢险救援器材、化学事故救援车辆和灭火药剂等四个方面总结了消防部队化学事故救援装备建设的特点,重点分析了装备建设中存在的问题,并从实战救援的角度,提出了当前以及未来几年加强化学事故救援装备建设和发展的初步需求。     

电梯接地保护与检验

良好的接地保护是维护电梯正常运行的重要措施,同时为检修作业人员的安全提供强有力的保障,因此是电梯检验中一个重要的项目。文章先对接地保护的概念进行澄清,接着介绍低压系统的几种接地型式,通过比较得出适用于电梯的接地系统,最后结合检规的要求介绍了有关的检验方法并指出日常检验中接地线存在的问题。     

Experimental studies of crevice corrosion for buried pipeline with disbonded coatings under cathodic protection

Numerous fire and explosion accidents have occurred because of pipeline ruptures through the corrosion area. Coatings under cathodic protection (CP) have been recognized to prevent/mitigate potential pipeline corrosion. In this work, a wedge-shaped crevice assembly was developed to study the effect of cathodic protection on corrosion of 20# steel pipeline with disbanded coatings. Polarization potential, current density, solution pH value, and dissolved oxygen concentration were measured by using the simulation of crevice area with disbonded coatings. Results have demonstrated that CP cannot reach the crevice bottom which reduces the effectiveness of corrosion protection. This effectiveness depends on the crevice geometry and could be improved with the increase of crevice length and decrease of its mouth size. A potential difference always exists between the mouth area and inside crevice. The oxygen concentrations drop significantly inside crevice whether CP is applied or not. The solution pH values inside crevice increase with the time. The solution pH values are higher when the applied CP potentials are more negative. According to the experiments, the effectiveness of cathodic protection could also be improved through enhancement of the local solution alkalinity. The research provides necessary information to prevent potential pipeline ruptures due to crevice corrosion and therefore mitigate potential losses for oil and gas transportation in the process industries.     

新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区生物多样性保护研究

生物多样性具有多重价值,如生态价值、社会价值和经济价值。卡拉麦里山自然保护区生物多样性不但关系到当地经济发展和人民生存安全,而且关系到整个保护区、整个新疆的可持续发展。本文分析了卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区生物多样性特点及生物多样性遭受严重破坏的原因,提出了保护该区生物多样性的对策措施：①加强卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区生物多样性的调查研究工作。②加强保护区的建设。③加大立法与执法制度。④加强生物多样性保护的宣传教育。⑤加强生物多样性保护的公众参与。⑥加强当地居民的基本生产、生活条件建设。⑦在保护区推行生态旅游。     

爆炸危险环境防雷安全措施探讨

针对当前爆炸危险环境建筑物的防雷措施存在的漏洞,探讨了合理可行的安全措施和解决对策.     

经济转型中的中国废钢铁投资市场

废钢铁产业是我国再生资源产业的主体,其节能减排、低碳环保和不可替代的钢铁原料功效十分显著。阐述了我国废钢铁产业在经济转型中的主导地位、应用价值、投资环境及今后的发展战略。指出我国经济发展方式的转变,赋予了废钢铁产业良好的发展机遇和重大的历史使命,中国废钢产业具有良好的投资市场和巨大的发展空间。     

Sustainability analysis of Chinese transport policy

SUMMARY

Whilst the world economy is developed, the life and development of human beings have been threatened by the imbalance between environmental and ecological aspects. Thus, sustainability is becoming increasingly the focus of various social fields. For most developing countries, a strategy with good sustainability for social development is of long-term significance to keep the economy in expansion. This paper first reviews the conceptual framework and up-to-date development of sustainability. Second, it reviews the current transport situation of China and its future demands. Third, the paper analyses transport policy from the viewpoints of energy consumption and environment pollution caused by transportation. It finally summarises suggestions for transport policy that China should consider in the future.     

基于风险评估的火灾保险与消防管理互动模式的探讨

火灾保险与消防互动的管理模式是我国火灾风险管理的必然发展方向.在对国外发达国家该领域现状进行分析的基础上,指出了我国目前两个行业的现状和存在的问题,提出了基于风险评估的火灾保险与消防管理互动模式及其操作方法,深入探讨了确保该模式运行的外部条件,为科学合理地进行火灾风险的管理提供帮助.     

依据材料与构件的受弯性能综合评价ECC的控裂性

为了研究国产的工程水泥基复合材料(Engineered Cementitious Composites,ECC)和普通聚乙烯醇(Polyvi-nyl Alcohol,PVA)纤维混凝土对结构增韧和控裂的效果,分别采用材料试验和构件试验进行研究。通过四点弯曲试验,发现ECC的峰值荷载和峰值荷载对应的拉应变要远远大于普通混凝土、PVA纤维混凝土,而且ECC起裂以后,裂缝宽度较小,且发展较慢,控制较好;采用不同高度的ECC、PVA纤维混凝土作为钢筋混凝土梁底保护层,发现1/4h ECC对钢筋混凝土增韧的效果最好,且裂缝宽度为0.2mm时,1/4h ECC的承载能力比普通钢筋混凝土提高1.6倍,峰值荷载比普通钢筋混凝土提高约12%;同时发现,在相同荷载作用下,采用ECC作为梁底保护层时,裂缝宽度比钢筋混凝土小,且可以有效地控制裂缝宽度的快速增长,间接提高结构的耐久性。