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81.
水体中的有机质、无机盐及酸碱度是影响纳米材料迁移转化的主要因素.考察了Na~+、Mg~(2+)、Ca~(2+)、Sr~(2+)和Ba~(2+)对Fe_3O_4磁性纳米材料(Magnetic Nanoparticles,MNPs)的沉降作用.结果表明,Fe_3O_4MNPs的沉降作用是水体pH、金属离子化合价、离子强度共同影响的结果.整体上,碱土金属离子较Na~+更能加速Fe_3O_4MNPs的沉降.当pH为5.0时,浓度低于1.0 mmol·L~(-1)的Na~+、Mg~(2+)和Ca~(2+)有助于Fe_3O_4MNPs的悬浮;当浓度大于1.0 mmol·L~(-1)时,较强的离子强度促使Fe_3O_4MNPs团聚,发生沉降.当pH为9.0时,碱土金属离子较Na~+更能促使Fe_3O_4MNPs聚沉.因此,纳米颗粒在水体中的扩散和聚沉需要综合考虑金属离子种类和浓度. 相似文献
82.
Fe3O4纳米磁性微粒对全氟辛烷磺酸盐的吸附 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
采用共沉淀法合成Fe3O4纳米磁性颗粒,用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)以及振动样品磁强计(VSM)对Fe3O4纳米磁性颗粒的粒径、形貌和磁性进行表征并研究Fe3O4纳米磁性微粒对全氟辛磺酸盐的吸附。结果表明:在PFOS初始浓度4 mg/L,pH为3,反应时间24 h,Fe3O4纳米磁性微粒投加量1.25 g/L,对全氟辛磺酸盐去除率达到90%。Fe3O4纳米磁性微粒对PFOS的吸附符合Freundlich吸附方程。 相似文献
83.
《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(4):772-783
Environmental exposure to crystalline silica particles can lead to silicosis, which is one of the most serious pulmonary interstitial fibrosis around the world. Unfortunately, the exact mechanism on silicosis is unclear, and the effective treatments are lacking to date. In this study, we aim to explore the molecular mechanism by which interleukin-11 (IL-11) affects silica particles-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis. We observed that IL-11 expressions in mouse lungs were significantly increased after silica exposure, and maintained at high levels across both inflammation and fibrosis phase. Immunofluorescent dual staining further revealed that the overexpression of IL-11 mainly located in mouse lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts. Using neutralizing anti-IL-11 antibody could effectively alleviate the overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α) and fibrotic proteins (i.e., collagen type I and matrix metalloproteinase-2) induced by silica particles. Most importantly, the expressions of IL-11 receptor subunit α (IL-11Rα), Glycoprotein 130 (GP130), and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) were significantly increased in response to silica, whereas blocking of IL-11 markedly reduced their levels. All findings suggested that the overexpression of IL-11 was involved in the pathological of silicosis, while neutralizing IL-11 antibody could effectively alleviate the silica-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis by inhibiting the IL-11Rα/GP130/ERK signaling pathway. IL-11 might be a promising therapeutic target for lung inflammation and fibrosis caused by silica particles exposure. 相似文献
84.
以国产硅胶担体为固体吸附剂,采集空气中联苯-联苯醚。经热解吸、制冷、闪蒸后,用气相色谱法测定。实验结果,在常温下,国产硅胶对联苯-联苯醚的吸附率达100%;解吸回收率为97.5%:变异系数<5%;方法的检测限为0.4μg。 相似文献
85.
Mojtaba Shakibaie Hamid Forootanfar Elham Jafari Azad Salimi Mohsen Doostmohammadi 《毒物与环境化学》2020,102(7-8):386-398
Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of zinc nanoparticles against cisplatin-induced testicular toxicity in mice. Zinc nanoparticles were produced by microwave-assisted synthesis using Lavandula vera extract as reducing agent. Single doses of cisplatin (7?mg/kg, intraperitoneally) and ZnSO4 (10?mg/kg, orally), and various doses of zinc nanoparticles (10???50?mg/kg, orally) and vitamin E (100?mg/kg, interaperitoneally) were administered. The protective role of zinc nanoparticles was determined biochemically and histologically. Gradual reduction in malondialdehyde levels and elevation in glutathione levels and in the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase upon administration of zinc nanoparticles were observed. The pathology of mice treated with cisplatin/vitamin E and cisplatin/zinc nanoparticles were apparently equal, but vitamin E treatment was more effective in lowering oxidative stress markers than zinc nanoparticles. These findings suggest that co-administration of zinc nanoparticles with cisplatin could prevent adverse effects on the male reproductive system via their potential antioxidant properties. 相似文献
86.
A mathematical model describing the dissolution of nuclear glass directly disposed in clay combines a first-order dissolution rate law with the diffusion of dissolved silica in clay. According to this model, the main parameters describing the long-term dissolution of the glass are ηR, the product of the diffusion accessible porosity η and the retardation factor R, and the apparent diffusion coefficient Dapp of dissolved silica in clay.For determining the migration parameters needed for long-term predictions, four Through-Diffusion (T-D) experiments and one percolation test have been performed on undisturbed clay cores. In the Through-Diffusion experiments, the concentration decrease after injection of 32Si (radioactive labelled silica) was measured in the inlet compartment. At the end of the T-D experiments, the clay cores were cut in thin slices and the activity of labelled silica in each slice was determined. The measured activity profiles for these four clay cores are well reproducible.Since no labelled silica could be detected in the outlet compartments, the Through-Diffusion experiments are fitted by two In-Diffusion models: one model assuming linear and reversible sorption equilibrium and a second model taking into account sorption kinetics. Although the kinetic model provides better fits, due to the sufficiently long duration of the experiments, both models give approximately similar values for the fit parameters. The single percolation test leads to an apparent diffusion coefficient value about two to three times lower than those of the Through-Diffusion tests.Therefore, dissolved silica appears to be strongly retarded in Boom Clay. A retardation factor R between 100 and 300 was determined. The corresponding in situ distribution coefficient Kd is in the range 25–75 cm3 g−1. The apparent diffusion coefficient of dissolved silica in Boom Clay is estimated between 2×10−13 and 7×10−13 m2 s−1. The pore diffusion coefficient is in the range from 6×10−11 to 1×10−10 m2 s−1. 相似文献
87.
88.
Hongjun Chen Chunhu Yu Zeyang Xue Pengxiang Wang Zi Wang Qianmin Cong 《毒物与环境化学》2020,102(7-8):356-385
Abstract Lithium-doped bismuth oxide nanoplates with the thickness of 50–150?nm and tetragonal bismuth oxide, monoclinic lithium bismuthate phases have been synthesized via a simple hydrothermal process using lithium acetate and sodium bismuthate as the raw materials. Cobalt nanoparticles modified lithium-doped bismuth oxide nanoplates hybrids were obtained by an in situ photo-deposition route. The cobalt nanoparticles-modified nanoplates hybrids display significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity toward gentian violet compared with the nanoplates. Gentian violet solution can be totally degraded by the hybrids within 60?min under ultraviolet–visible light irradiation. The superior photocatalytic activity of the cobalt nanoparticles modified nanoplates hybrids originates from the superior charge transfer capacity and the energy band structure of the hybrids. The excellent photocatalytic performance makes the cobalt nanoparticles modified nanoplates hybrids a promising candidate as the photocatalyst for wastewater treatment. 相似文献
89.
The adsorption of antibiotic tetracycline onto silica particles was investigated. The effects of pH, electrolyte concentration
and temperature on the adsorption equilibrium were examined and the data correlated with a dual site adsorption model. Adsorption
of tetracycline onto approximately 9% of the adsorption sites was found to be irreversible, whereas the rest exhibited Langmuir
behaviour. Increasing pH of the solution had a strong negative effect on the adsorbed amounts. Adsorption decreased also with
increasing ionic strength and temperature. The enthalpy and entropy of adsorption were found to be approximately −16 and −25 J/mol,
respectively. 相似文献
90.
掺入金属离子的TiO2纳米粒子光催化降解吖啶橙 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
利用酸催化溶胶-凝胶法(sol-gel)制备了 Fe3+和 Cr3+不同掺入量的 TiO2半导体纳米粒子研究了这些纳米粒子对吖啶橙光催化氧化降解的影响.结果表明,微量 Fe3+和 Cr3+的掺入可明显提高 TiO2的光催化活性.进一步研究表明,在 Fe3+-TiO2体系中,最佳掺入量为 0.1%,而且中性介质和自然光有利于光催化氧化反应的进行,反应3h后降解率可达97.75%.在Cr3+-TiO2体系中,弱碱性介质和自然光有利于光催化氧化反应,最佳掺入量为0.05%,降解率可达87.54%. 相似文献