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201.
Educational tools to assist the public in recognizing impacts of water policy in a realistic context are not generally available. This project developed systems with modeling-based educational decision support simulation tools to satisfy this need. The goal of this model is to teach undergraduate students and the general public about the implications of common water management alternatives so that they can better understand or become involved in water policy and make more knowledgeable personal or community decisions. The model is based on Powersim, a dynamic simulation software package capable of producing web-accessible, intuitive, graphic, user-friendly interfaces. Modules are included to represent residential, agricultural, industrial, and turf uses, as well as non-market values, water quality, reservoir, flow, and climate conditions. Supplementary materials emphasize important concepts and lead learners through the model, culminating in an open-ended water management project. The model is used in a University of Arizona undergraduate class and within the Arizona Master Watershed Stewards Program. Evaluation results demonstrated improved understanding of concepts and system interactions, fulfilling the project's objectives. 相似文献
202.
Hong-Gang Ni Ru-Lang Shen Eddy Y. Zeng 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(12):3502-3507
The mass emissions of linear alkylbenzenes (LABs), benzothiazole (BT), and 2-[4-morpholinyl]benzothiazole (24MoBT) from anthropogenic activities within one year were estimated according to the population and the number of automobiles in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), South China. Based on the estimation, the distribution of these compounds among various environmental media was simulated with a mass balance box model established in the present study. The results showed that 79% of LABs generated in the PRD was stored in sediment while only 1.3% of LABs was presumably transported to the adjacent South China Sea (SCS). On the contrary, 47% of BT and 77% of 24MoBT generated in the region were carried with riverine runoff to the coastal ocean. The results from the present study suggest that hydrophobic compounds tend to stay in the watershed of the PRD, whereas hydrophilic ones mainly outflow to the coastal ocean. 相似文献
203.
人员可用安全疏散时间是衡量公共场所安全性能的重要指标.为了能从定量风险分析的角度考察公共场所的安全疏散性能,引入蒙特卡罗模拟技术.选取天津小白楼地铁系统作为研究对象;建立极限状态方程以刻画地铁人员可用安全疏散时间;最后,通过Matlab提供的M语言编程,实现了蒙特卡罗模拟,得到了与极限状态方程相对应的概率密度函数,累加分布函数和余补累加分布函数.通过余补累加分布函数定量描述了人员在地铁火灾事故中安全逃生的概率.结果表明,蒙特卡罗模拟技术是描述同时具有参数不确定性和模型不确定性的复杂问题的有力工具. 相似文献
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周鹏 《中国特种设备安全》2021,(3):70-74
本文主要研究不同无荷拉力对滑索的运行速度以及承载索拉力变化的影响.首先建立承载索数学模型,获得承载索的静力线型;然后导入动力学分析软件ADAMS进行运动仿真分析,获得运行速度曲线,得到无荷拉力与进站速度之间的关系;最后提取滑具运行过程中对承载索施加的动载荷数据带入线型模型进行有限元分析,得到承载索的拉力变化规律,在此基... 相似文献
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R. Barna Z. Rethy Y. Perrodin P. Moszkowicz L. Tiruta-Barna 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2000,20(8)
The reuse of waste materials requires the development of assessment methods for the long-term release of pollutants (source term) from wastes (or materials containing wastes) in contact with water. These methods depend on the scenario conditions: characteristics of the materials (especially physical structure and composition), contact with water… The scenario studied here is a water storage reservoir for fire extinguishing. The reservoir construction is made of a mixture of hydraulic binders and air pollution control (APC) residues from municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI). The modelling of the source term is performed in five steps ranging from the physico-chemical characterisation of the material to the validation of the proposed model by means of field simulation devices. This paper follows a first publication on source term modelling using laboratory tests which therefore concerns the comparison of the results obtained with the previously established model. The first laboratory scale simulation test aims at taking into account the role of the leachate carbonation in the leaching behaviour of the studied material. The results obtained show that air carbonation of the leachate does not fundamentally change mass transfer mechanisms of easily soluble species (especially for alkaline metals). For these species, the use of the apparent diffusional model (model proposed in the previous paper) is, therefore, at first, a satisfactory solution for the prediction of long term leaching behaviour. The field scale test enables us to validate and calibrate the release model determined on a laboratory scale basis. 相似文献
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古建筑的消防安全工作作为古建筑保护工作内容的重要组成部分,需要深入开展的消防科学的研究工作.目前在我国,缺少关于古建筑防火安全方面的规范,通常使用的处方式规范一般不适用于古建筑.性能化方法能够提供更加灵活和符合实际的解决方案.并且这可能是唯一可行的使古建筑达到可接受风险水平的方法.以布达拉宫东大殿为研究对象,探讨了性能化防火分析方法在古建筑防火保护中的应用.以对古建筑进行早期探测报警为目标进行了消防设施设置.应用FDS软件进行了模拟研究,根据模拟结果进行分析,得到了一些有益的结论并应用于消防设施设置.通过对探测器响应时间分析,探测器的设置合理,能够在第一时间报警,并且实现了消防安全设计的科学化、合理化和成本效益的最优化. 相似文献