WASP—5系统及其述评

WASP5（The water quality analysis simulation program-5，水质分析模拟程序5），是EPA推荐使用的水质模型软件。该文介绍了WASP5的组成、功能、原理、应用步骤、适用范围、输入输出，并对其优缺点进行了评论，最后还介绍了WASP5在浦西河网水质模拟中的应用。     

金属塑性变形有限元模拟中的约束处理算法

此文提出了适用于金属体积成形过程有限元模拟的约束处理算法.该算法分为三部分.首先,将整个变形域上的节点分为潜在接触节点和非接触节点,分别建在立以节点位移为变量的子系统刚度方程.然后,以潜在接触节点的子系统为对象,确定每个节点与模具的接触状态,对实际接触摸具节点施加位移约束和摩擦条件,并求解耦合了位移约束和摩擦条件的刚度方程.第三,将上述求解的位移结果回代到非接触节点的子系统中,得到剩余节点的位移值.因此,整个系统的位移场以及应变、应力分布亦可确定.该算法的优点在于,将大系统分解为小系统分开求解,使每次求解的变量数目减少,从而可以处理较大规模的工程问题;只对含接触节点的子系统施行坐标变换、约束处理等,提高了有限元计算的效率;将位移约束、摩擦条件直接耦合到子系统中求解,当N—R迭代收剑时,力平衡条件与几何约束条件同时得到满足,从而保证了各控制方程之间的相容性,有利于提高迭代收敛速度和计算稳定性.     

压室内金属凝固的二维计算机模拟

针对冷室卧式压铸机压室的工作环境，运用2种热传递数学模型，使用ABAQUS软件模拟压室在工作过程中的压室内铝合金二维温度分布及其凝固状态。对比模拟结果，判断不同数学模型对模拟结果的影响。     

Mathematische Modelle zur Effektabsch?tzung

Zusammenfassung  Die Extrapolation von toxikologischen Daten aus Labortests auf Schwellenwerte für ?kosysteme stellt ein zentrales Problem bei der Effektabsch?tzung im Rahmen der ?kologischen Risikoanalyse dar. Die üblichen statistischen Verfahren werden kurz vorgestellt, bevor Beispiele zur Anwendung von Simulationsmodellen gegeben werden. Ein Verfahren zur Absch?tzung von Schwellenkonzentration für verschiedene Endpunkte mit Hilfe von Monte-Carlo-Simulationen wird vorgestellt und an einem Datensatz für acht Chemikalien mit statistischen Verfahren verglichen. Abschlie?end werden die Vor-und Nachteile gegenübergestellt.      

Spectroscopic tools for remote sensing of greenhouse gases CH<Subscript>4</Subscript>, CF<Subscript>4</Subscript> and SF<Subscript>6</Subscript>

Highly symmetrical molecules such as CH₄, CF₄ or SF₆ are known to be atmospheric pollutants and greenhouse gases. High-resolution spectroscopy in the infrared is particularly suitable for the monitoring of gas concentration and radiative transfers in the earth's atmosphere. This technique requires extensive theoretical studies for the modeling of the spectra of such molecules (positions, intensities and shapes of absorption lines). Here, we have developed powerful tools for the analysis and the simulation of absorption spectra of highly symmetrical molecules. These tools have been implemented in the spherical top data system (STDS) and highly-spherical top data system (HTDS) software available at http://www.u-bourgogne.fr/LPUB/shTDS.html. They include a compilation of modeled data obtained during the last 20 years. An overview of our latest results in this domain will be presented. Electronic Publication     

Optimal divorce and re-mating strategies for monogamous female birds: a simulation model

Although the extensive variation in divorce rates among monogamous bird species has stimulated several theoretical accounts, the mechanisms underlying divorce strategies remain poorly understood. Here, we use an individual-based simulation model to investigate the adaptiveness of mechanisms of mate choice in the context of remating. Our model compares the fitness of females that choose a mate during each breeding season using one of two different decision rules; best-of-n females sample n potential partners and then select the male with the highest quality, whereas better option females choose a mate whose quality is maximal among the non-mated individuals they sampled the season before. It is assumed in the model that best-of-n females have no a priori information about the quality of potential partners and systematically decide to divorce at the beginning of each breeding season before searching for a new mate. Conversely, better option females use the information they gained the season before, and may retain their previous partner if they have no opportunity to mate with an individual of better quality. Results from simulations indicate that the best-of-n decision rule should be favoured when there is a large variation in male quality and low costs of mate sampling. On the other hand, the probability that the better option rule may invade the population is predicted to increase with male survival rate. However, changes in male mortality had no marked influence on the expected proportion of divorcing pairs, contrary to previous theoretical expectations.Communicated by H. Kokko     

民航机内非定常燃烧过程的计算机模拟

本文采用数值方法,对民航机内火灾非定常燃烧过程包括其内固体可燃物的受热热解及其挥发份的湍流气相燃烧进行了较为细致的计算,揭示了其火灾非定常燃烧的规律,得到了较好的结果。     

建筑火灾模拟模型设计

数值模拟是火灾科学研究中的一种重要方法。本文描述了建筑火灾模拟模型的建模思想和方法，该思想可用于研究建筑火灾过程规律、新的火灾安全方案或策略的工作效果和经济性分析，模拟模型可以给系统性能和火灾防治经济性以定量说明。并对在建模中存在的问题进行了探讨．     

Ecological effects monitoring in environmental impact assessment: What can it accomplish?

The premise that, strictly speaking, impact monitoring is impossible, is presented and discussed It is shown that a wide range of published objectives for environmental effects monitoring can be seen as special cases of the basic goal of reducing uncertainty in predictions. Monitoring in environmental-impact situations can only be used as a check on one of the two time series required to define impact. Four approaches to generating the other time series required in the difference calculation of impact are discussed, with the conclusion that the best approach relies on process-based simulation models. Impact analysts are encouraged to consider carefully what can and cannot actually be accomplished with environmental monitoring to assist impact detection.     

利用GMS模拟技术分析矿坑涌水对周围村庄的影响

运用地下水数值模拟技术,通过GMS地下水数值模拟软件对矿区地下水动态进行模拟,对矿坑涌水给矿区周围地下水环境带来的影响进行预测,并通过预测结果说明在环境影响评价中如何应用数值模拟技术分析矿坑涌水对周围村庄的影响。