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31.
离子色谱法同时测定梅雨季节降水组分 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用单柱离子色谱系统和电导检测的方法,以丙二酸-甲醇水溶液为流动相,一次进样,即简便,有效地在30min内完成了雨水中SO^2-4,Cl^-,NO^-3,F^-,Na^ ,NH^ 4,K^ ,Mg^2 ,Ca^2 9种离子的同时分离,用于梅雨季节上海某区连续降雨15h期间的雨水组分的连续测定,结果良好,还讨论了梅雨季节酸雨形成的主要因素。 相似文献
32.
Dennis Sprenger Rolanda Lange Nico K. Michiels Nils Anthes 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2009,63(6):953-958
Intraspecific variation in mating behavior is widespread among simultaneous hermaphrodites but its underlying sources remain
largely unexplored. In the sea slug Chelidonura sandrana, most matings are reciprocal. However, despite non-conditional sperm exchange and potential polygamy-mediated benefits, 30%
of matings end after unilateral insemination. To resolve this apparent inconsistency, we here investigated the effect of body
size on the frequency of reciprocal matings by testing the following two hypotheses. First, sex-allocation theory predicts
that the likelihood of reciprocity depends on the size difference between mating partners. Second, if both sex functions temporally
differ in reaching maturity, reciprocal matings should be more frequent with increasing absolute body size of the smaller
partner. The likelihood of reciprocity increased with body size of the smaller partner. Moreover, smaller individuals acted
more often as males among unilateral matings. These findings suggest that the ability to donate sperm develops prior to female
functionality in C. sandrana. 相似文献
33.
生物脱氮新技术研究进展 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
本文对短程硝化反硝化、同时硝化反硝化及厌氧氨氧化等生物脱氮新技术的研究和开发进展进行了简单的综述和讨论 ,并指出了这些新技术的特点和研究开发应用的前景。 相似文献
34.
35.
同时硝化与反硝化研究进展 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
同时硝化和反硝化工艺同传统的生物脱氮工艺相比,可以节约氧和碳源的耗量,大大降低设备运行费用,具有很大的发展前途。结合国内外研究,主要从生物、生物化学角度和微环境理论方面进行综述。对一些同时硝化反硝化新工艺进行了介绍。 相似文献
36.
Copper oxide nanomaterials have been extensively applied and can have serious impacts when discharged into the aquatic environment, especially when complexed with humic acid (HA) to form composite contaminants. As an innovative recycled coagulant aid, Enteromorpha polysaccharides (Ep) were associated with polyaluminum chloride (PACl) (denoted as PACl-Ep) to simultaneously remove CuO nanoparticles, Cu2+ and HA in this study. The influence of different Al species coagulants (AlCl3, PAClb and PAClc) and water pH on coagulation performance, floc properties and reaction mechanisms was investigated in detail. Results showed that in the three PACl-Ep systems, PAClb-Ep gave the highest removal efficiencies for turbidity and Cu2+, and the best UV254 removal effect was reached by using PAClc-Ep. Higher contents of Alb and Alc contributed to great coagulation performance because of their stronger bridging and sweeping effects. For all the Al species coagulants, alkalescent conditions were more conducive to removing Cu and HA compared to acidic conditions. Additionally, smaller and more agminated flocs with great recovery ability were formed by PAClb-Ep and PAClc-Ep systems (bridging and enmeshment effects cooperated with the chelated reticular structure formed by the Ep and Al species). Similarly, due to the increased hydrolysis and hydroxide precipitates, flocs formed under the condition of alkalescence were smaller, denser and stronger compared with weakly acidic conditions. 相似文献
37.
2-(1-Cyano-1-methylethyl)azocarboxamide (CABN) is a representative of new-type azo initiator in the radical polymerization industry. The peculiar water and oil soluble characters make it a versatile rising star for the industry to initiate the polymerization of monomers in either polar or nonpolar solvents based continuous phases. This paper decodes the effect of acylamino and cyan groups on thermal stability and hazards of CABN via advanced thermokinetic analysis and numerical simulation. Initially, simultaneous thermogravimetric analyzer was employed to evaluate the thermal stability of CABN and its two structurally similar azo compounds (azos), azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) and azodicarbonamide (AC). Followed with calorimetric experiments by differential scanning calorimetry, the effect of two functional groups on thermal behavior parameters, such as decomposition temperature, melting point, and heat of decomposition was estimated. The results indicated that the acylamino group can improve the thermal stability of CABN but with bulkier heat release. Ultimately, through the medium of thermokinetic analysis, the thermal hazard of AIBN, CABN, and AC was simulated based on auto-ignition and thermal explosion theory. The research results would provide references for the synthesis of new-type azo initiators and process safety parameters to the polymerization industry. 相似文献
38.
In order to investigate the applicability of 212Pb as a tracer for atmospheric transport in the sub-regional scale (few hundred kilometers in horizontal direction and up to ∼1 km by height), we measured the air concentrations of the short-lived radionuclide 212Pb along with the long-lived 7Be and 210Pb near the ground surface. For this purpose, simultaneous observations were continued for several days at three locations: a reference point representative for standard land surface atmosphere conditions, a second location at an altitude 650 m near the reference point, and on a solitary island ∼180 km from the reference point. Measurements of radioactivity in aerosol particle samples collected at intervals of 2-3 h with a high-volume air sampler were performed by extremely low background gamma-ray spectrometry with the use of Ge detectors located at the Ogoya Underground Laboratory. Concentration of 7Be or 210Pb and their variation patterns was found to be similar among the three points during the whole observation period except for moment of the passage of a cold front. The results indicate that distributions of concentrations of the long-lived nuclides were uniform in this range. On the other hand, concentration levels and the variation patterns of the short-lived 212Pb differed greatly from one location to another, reflecting differences in geographical location and altitude of the observation points. Additionally, there were certain indications that observed concentration of 212Pb contained two components: an autogenous component from sources nearby and a heterogenous one from faraway sources carried by atmospheric horizontal transport. Results of this study provide experimental proof that 212Pb can be used as a tracer of sub-regional atmospheric transport. 相似文献
39.
Yong-Zhong Wang Yan-Mei Wang Rong Chen Qiang Liao Xun Zhu 《International Journal of Green Energy》2015,12(10):1031-1036
In the present work, characteristics of ethanol production from a single particle composing of pretreated rice straw, cellulase, and β-glucosidase were invesitgated by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). The experiment experienced a start-up stage for S. cerevisiae biofilm formation, which was operated at an initial pH value of 4.8 for yeast solution, culture temperature of 30°C, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min for yeast solution, and stably operating stage for ethanol production at a culture temperature of 30°C. Investigations found that the maximal ethanol yield of 9.7 mg/g and the biofilm thickness of 0.37 mm were obtained at 30 mL/min of carrier gas flow rate. Also, the optimal interval time of water supplement was 4 h for SSF. The results show that the appropriate gas flow rate and the interval time of water supplement can keep the high activities of biofilm and enzymes during SSF and result in a high ethanol yield. 相似文献
40.
Nitrogen reduction using bioreactive thin-layer capping (BTC) with biozeolite: A field experiment in a eutrophic river 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bioreactive thin-layer capping (BTC) with biozeolite provides a potential remediation design that can sustainably treat N contamination from sediment and overlying water in eutrophic water bodies. Nitrogen (N) reduction using BTC with biozeolite was examined in a field incubation experiment in a eutrophic river in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China. The biozeolite was zeolite with attached bacteria, including two isolated heterotrophic nitrifiers (Bacillus spp.) and two isolated aerobic denitrifiers (Acinetobacter spp.). The results showed that the total nitrogen (TN) reduction efficiency of the overlying water by BTC with biozeolite (with thickness of about 2 mm) reached a maximum (56.69%) at day 34, and simultaneous heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification occurred in the BTC system until day 34. There was a significant difference in the TN concentrations of the overlying water between biozeolite capping and control (t-test; p < 0.05). The biozeolite had very strong in situ bioregeneration ability. Carbon was the main source of nitrifier growth. However, both dissolved oxygen (DO) and carbon concentrations affected denitrifier growth. In particular, DO concentrations greater than 3 mg/L inhibited denitrifier growth. Therefore, BTC with biozeolite was found to be a feasible technique to reduce N in a eutrophic river. However, it is necessary to further strengthen the adaptability of aerobic denitrifiers through changing domestication methods or conditions. 相似文献