我国西北典型大城市大气可吸入颗粒物浓度分布特征

我国西北地区冬季寒冷、春季多风沙天气,空气中的可吸入颗粒物(PM10)浓度较高,利用兰州、西宁、乌鲁木齐、银川、呼和浩特等城市2000年6月～2007年12月每日浓度最高的大气主要污染物(SO2,NO2,PM10)浓度资料,研究了5个省会城市PM10分布特征。结果表明,五个城市PM10污染都较严重,PM10为主要污染物的日数每月平均超过20天。五个城市的季节分布特征类似,冬春季浓度较高,平均值都达到了国家二级污染标准,夏秋季相对低一些。其中,兰州和乌鲁木齐冬季浓度值远高于其他城市。五个城市均属煤烟沙尘型污染,但煤烟和沙尘的影响程度有所不同。     

Development of a framework to implement a recycling program in an elementary school

This study developed a system to plan, evaluate, implement, and monitor a waste reduction and source-separation program, which was then tested through a field study in a New York City elementary school. Despite efforts to implement integrated waste management in elementary schools, appropriate planning tools that document performance and support program development are lacking. To fill this gap, a system for analyzing existing programs was developed. After identifying the phases required for a successful program, a scoring system was developed to quantify the performance of existing programs. To assess existing protocol, recommendations from leading municipalities were reviewed, and the performance of existing programs was quantified within the scoring system. The existing protocol was found to contain similarities, but an overarching approach was needed to connect the provisions with programs that have been successfully deployed. From this analysis, a scoring system was developed to take into consideration the major elements needed for a waste reduction and source-separation plan, colloquially referred to as a recycling plan, as well as the specifics of implementation. This system allows for the review of programs already developed, and can pinpoint limitations prior to implementation. The framework was evaluated through the test case school, with both waste audit data and diagrams. From the lessons learned, successful techniques and recommendations for utilizing this framework were created.     

二丁与连翘药渣联合堆肥腐熟度评价

为了对不同比例的二丁与连翘药渣堆肥腐熟度进行评价,采用条垛式好氧堆肥方式,将二丁和连翘两种药渣按照5种不同的比例进行堆肥处理,通过分析堆肥过程中温度、pH、C/N和发芽指数等指标的变化规律,对堆肥腐熟度进行评价。结果表明:在试验处理条件下及堆肥周期内,单一药渣堆肥的两组处理未能完全腐熟,混合药渣堆肥的3组处理均已达到完全腐熟的标准,说明两种药渣混合后进行堆肥,可以有效促进堆肥的顺利进行,且二丁与连翘比例为2∶1(质量比)时发酵效果最好。3组混合药渣的发酵产物可以作为有机肥或土壤改良剂施用,也可以与化肥配合,制备成有机/无机配方肥。     

基于SHMS的润扬悬索桥桥址区北风特性的研究

气象研究表明,作用在润扬悬索桥上的强风荷载主要是夏季台风和冬季偏北大风。运营近三年来,润扬悬索桥结构健康监测系统(SHMS)中的风速仪记录了经过该桥址区的大量强风样本。本文通过对北京时间2007-03-10 T13:00～2007-03-10 T16:00期间的实测强北风风速风向数据的分析,得到了该时段的风速和风向、紊流强度、紊流积分尺度、紊流功率谱密度函数等强风特性。结果表明,桥址区实测北风风速风向较稳定;顺风向紊流功率谱密度函数与Kaimal谱吻合较好;紊流强度较规范偏高。