Effects of amine, amine salt and amide on the behaviour of carbon dioxide absorption into calcium hydroxide suspension to precipitate calcium carbonate

The amount of carbon dioxide （CO2） absorption and calcium ion （Ca^2＋） concentration besides the pH of aqueous solution were observed during the COz absorption to precipitate calcium carbonate （CaCO3） from calcium hydroxide （Ca（OH）2）. A reaction rate-limiting effect of an amount of CO2 absorption without any organic additives in the early stage of the precipitation was observed, which was attributed to an interruption effect of bicarbonate ion （HCO3） on the precipitation of CaCO3. The improvement for the reaction rate was achieved not only by amine additives but also by neutral additives such as ε-caprolactam or amine salt. When the hexamethylene diamine was dissolved in the solution, successive change of crystal forms of CaCO3 aragonite to calcite in aqueous suspensions, confirmed by Ca^2＋ concentration change and X-ray diffraction, was concluded that a local environment around the amine group in aqueous solution and an interaction of the diamine with precipitated CaCO3 particles were important factors for these reactions.     

The relationship of social capital and fishers’ participation in multi-level governance arrangements

The need for effective multi-level governance arrangements is becoming increasingly urgent because of complex functional interdependencies between biophysical and socioeconomic systems. We argue that social capital plays an important role in such systems. To explore the relationship between social capital and participation in resource governance arenas, we analyzed various small-scale fisheries governance regimes from the Gulf of California, Mexico. The components of social capital that we measured include levels of fishers’ structural ties to relevant groups and levels of trust in different entities (i.e. cognitive component). We collected data using surveys and interviews with residents of small-scale fishing communities adjacent to marine protected areas. We analyzed the data using a logistic regression model and narrative analysis. The results of our quantitative analysis highlight the multidimensional nature of social capital and reveals complex relationships between different types of social capital and fisher participation in monitoring, rulemaking and MPA design. Furthermore our qualitative analysis suggests that participation in fisheries conservation and management is not fully potentialized due to the social and historical context of participatory spaces in Mexico.     

Governance structures for social-ecological systems: Assessing institutional options against a social residual claimant

Rural areas face increasing pressures to deliver both private and public goods from land management. Multiple stakeholders seek different outcomes and there is substantial heterogeneity in values. Trade-offs, synergies and complementarities exist between different services and alternative bundles of goods. The resulting complex social-ecological systems (SES) therefore require adaptive co-management. In a governance context, no single organisation has oversight across the variety of interests involved, but the challenge remains as to how these interests can best be balanced and negotiated, to deliver socially beneficial outcomes. This paper analyses how this might be achieved by considering the perspective of a ‘social residual claimant’ (SRC). The SRC, as an ideal type, represents the ultimate ‘owner’ or steward of an ecosystem which sets the criteria to assess alternative outcomes, identifying best approaches and addressing uncertainty through adaptive management. A SRC cannot be a static construct, but must interact with and influence private land-holders and other stakeholders, adjusting actions as circumstances change. We identify the criteria that would be required in order for an SRC to act in the best interests of society. We then make a comparison of these criteria against the conditions applying in three contrasting approaches currently operating in the UK: National Parks, Landscape Partnerships and Nature Improvement Areas. This enables us to identify the differences between approaches and to suggest changes that could enhance capabilities, as well as ideas for further research. We suggest that the ideal of an SRC offers a simple method of benchmarking that has potential application across a wider range of different local contexts, beyond the UK.     

岩溶区稻田土壤真菌群落结构及功能类群特征

真菌是土壤生物地球化学循环的重要驱动者,然而岩溶区土壤真菌群落结构和功能类群具有怎样的特征还未见报道.以桂林毛村岩溶试验场稻田耕层土壤为研究对象,采用高通量测序技术,比较岩溶区和非岩溶(红壤)区(对照)水稻生长季土壤真菌群落结构,并用FUNGuild对真菌进行功能预测.结果 表明,毛霉菌门(Mucoromycota)在...     

我国3个城市人体血清中新型溴代阻燃剂水平趋势及分布特征

本研究检测分析了我国吉林省伊通满族自治县(YT)、湖南省怀化市(HH)、四川省甘孜藏族自治州(GZ)3个城市5个年龄段(≥60、50~59、40~49、30~39、20~29岁)人体混合血清中六溴苯(hexabromobenzene,HBB)、五溴甲苯(pentabromotoluen,PBT)、五溴苯(pentabromophenyl,PBBz)、四溴对二甲苯(tetrabromo-p-xylene,PTBX)等4种新型溴代阻燃剂(NBFRs)的含量水平.PBBz、PBT和HBB在人体血清中的检出率为100%.在3个城市中,NBFRs总含量、HBB含量、PBT含量、PBBz含量(除GZ外)均在年轻人群中有升高的趋势.在5个年龄段中,YT和HH均有明显的主要污染物,但GZ首要污染物不明显且4种NBFRs含量占比在5个年龄段中基本稳定.3个城市人体血清中NBFRs在5个年龄段中的组成分布呈现出不同的趋势,表明不同地区的污染来源不同.其中,工业较为发达地区(YT和HH)人体血清中NBFRs总含量高于欠发达地区(GZ)的水平.     

Energy and environmental attitudes in the green state of Denmark: Implications for energy democracy,low carbon transitions,and energy literacy

This article investigates how a mix of energy-users from Denmark perceives energy and environmental issues such as the affordability of electricity and gasoline, the seriousness of climate change, and preferences for different energy systems. Its primary source of data is a pilot survey and energy literacy test distributed in English and Danish to 328 respondents spread across the country. The survey results are used to test four propositions about energy prices, being “green,” public knowledge and competence about energy issues, and self-sufficiency and sustainable technology. The data supports the propositions that Danes identify with “being green” and prefer national and local policies that endorse sustainable technology and being self-sufficient. However, the data also challenges the propositions that Danes would prioritize low energy prices and affordability as key energy concerns and that they are knowledgeable about energy and environmental issues. In this way, a problematic gap may exist between what many academic articles (and previous surveys) report Danish attitudes to be and what this study suggests they are. Given Denmark's ambitious low-carbon goals, these findings have clear relevance to other communities and countries seeking to decarbonize their own energy sectors.     

Forest clearing and sex ratio in forest-dwelling wood ant <Emphasis Type="Italic">Formica aquilonia</Emphasis>

Sex ratios of ants have been shown to vary with food resource levels in several studies, but it is not known whether forest clear-cutting has any effect on sex ratio of aphid-tending forest-dwelling ants. We investigated whether the offspring sex ratio of the forest dwelling ant Formica aquilonia varied as a response to clear-cutting. We found that the proportion of males was smaller in clear-cuts than in adjacent forests. Our results are among the first showing that anthropogenic changes in forest structures may have a potential to modify sex ratios of social insects and other forest-dwelling animals.     

团体心理咨询技术与高职学生思想政治教育的有机结合

不断涌现的高职高专院校已经占据了高等教育的半壁江山。在新的历史形式下,高职院校学生的思想状况表现出价值观模糊、政治识别能力不强等问题。因此,探索一条符合时代要求,创新、高效的思想政治教育策略对于加强高职院校大学生的思想政治素质具有重要的意义。团体心理咨询既是一种有效的心理辅导与治疗技术,也是一种有效的教育活动。它通过团体内人际交互作用,促使个体在感受、认识、学习、训练的过程中形成新的态度与行为方式,实现自我成长与自我完善。团体心理咨询作为一种特殊的心理咨询方式可以与大学生的思想政治教育相互渗透,有机结合。     

炭纤维生物膜载体在反硝化脱氮中的应用

通过对反硝化微生物在炭纤维与聚丙烯、泡沫聚氨酯塑料类载体上的固着化实验,发现反硝化微生物在炭纤维载体上附着强度较大,而且每克炭纤维上的生物膜干重及对硝态氮处理能力是每克塑料类载体的200倍以上.PAN基高强度炭纤维比活性炭纤维能固着更多的反硝化微生物,这与高强度炭纤维载体与微生物的有效接触面积大、传质好及表面官能团有关.适量的表面含氧官能团能使较多的反硝化菌较牢固地吸附在炭纤维载体上.PAN基高强度炭纤维是一种生物相容性好、固着强度高、耐微生物分解及化学腐蚀的优异的反硝化菌新型固着化载体.     

挺水植物生物炭对硫丹的吸附及催化水解作用

以美人蕉、菖蒲、芦苇、茭白、再力花、芦竹等挺水植物为原料,在限氧升温（550℃）条件下制备6种不同性质的生物炭,研究其组成及结构对硫丹吸附和催化水解作用.结果表明：550℃下热解,湿地植物生物炭所含灰分高于一般农产品废弃物,介于10.88%~31.11%间.生物炭表面芳香类官能团较多,孔隙部分呈碎片化,以介孔为主.6种生物炭对硫丹都具良好吸附性能.吸附行为主要发生在含致密有机质的生物炭表面,包括疏水、扩散及分配作用等.中/碱性条件下,美人蕉生物炭、菖蒲生物炭及再力花生物炭能有效去除水溶液中的硫丹,去除率为96.77%~98.57%.中性条件下,因生物炭对硫丹的催化,对硫丹的去除率提高约16.57%~72.57%.