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991.
Towell MG Bellarby J Paton GI Coulon F Pollard SJ Semple KT 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(2):515-523
This study investigated the microbial degradation of 14C-labelled hexadecane, octacosane, phenanthrene and pyrene and considered how degradation might be optimised in three genuinely hydrocarbon-contaminated soils from former petroleum refinery sites. Hydrocarbon mineralisation by the indigenous microbial community was monitored over 23 d. Hydrocarbon mineralisation enhancement by nutrient amendment (biostimulation), hydrocarbon degrader addition (bioaugmentation) and combined nutrient and degrader amendment, was also explored. The ability of indigenous soil microflora to mineralise 14C-target hydrocarbons was appreciable; ≥16% mineralised in all soils. Generally, addition of nutrients or degraders increased the rates and extents of mineralisation of 14C-hydrocarbons. However, the addition of nutrients and degraders in combination had a negative effect upon 14C-octacosane mineralisation and resulted in lower extents of mineralisation in the three soils. In general, the rates and extents of mineralisation will be dependent upon treatment type, nature of the contamination and adaptation of the ingenious microbial community. 相似文献
992.
Soil acidification has been of concern in the oil sands region in Alberta due to increased acid deposition. Using the canopy budget model, and accounting for H+ canopy leaching by organic acids, we determined sources and sinks of H+ in throughfall in jack pine (Pinus banksiana) and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) stands in two watersheds from 2006 to 2009. In pine stands, H+ deposition was greater in throughfall than in bulk precipitation while the opposite was true in aspen stands. The annual H+ interception deposition was 148.8-193.8 and 49.7-70.0 molc ha−1 in pine and aspen stands, respectively; while the annual H+ canopy leaching was 127.1-128.7 and 0.0-6.0 molc ha−1, respectively. The greater H+ supply in pine stands was caused by greater interception deposition of SO42− and organic acids released from the pine canopy. Such findings have significant implications for establishing critical loads for various ecosystems in the oil sands region. 相似文献
993.
中国癌症与土壤环境中铊元素的关系 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
利用土壤环境中铊元素资料769个数据,癌死亡调查资料787080例,研究了胃癌,食管癌,肝癌,宫颈癌,肺癌、大肠癌、白血病、鼻咽癌、乳腺癌死亡率与人群生存区土壤环境中铊元素的关系。 相似文献
994.
Terrestrial carbon storage is influenced by a number of environmental factors, among which topographic and geomorphological
features are of special significance. This study was designed to examine the relationships of soil organic carbon (SOC) density
to various terrain parameters and watershed characteristics across Louisiana, USA. A polygon data set of 484 watersheds and
12 river drainage basins for Louisiana was used to form the landscape units. SOC densities were calculated for each soil map
unit using the State Soil Geographic (STATSGO) database. Average drainage densities and average slopes at watershed and basin
scales were quantified with the 1:24 K Digital Elevation Models (DEM) data, and the Louisiana hydrographic water features.
Correlation and regression analyses were performed to determine relationships among drainage density, slope, elevation, and
SOC. The study found an average watershed drainage density of 1.6 km/km2 and an average watershed slope of 2.9 degrees in Louisiana. The results revealed that SOC density at both watershed and basin
scales was closely related to drainage density, slope, and elevation. SOC density was positively correlated with watershed
drainage density, but negatively correlated with watershed slope gradient and elevation. Regression models were developed
for predicting SOC density at watershed and basin scales, obtaining regression coefficients (r
2) ranging from 0.43 to 0.83. The study showed that estimation of SOC at watershed and drainage basin scales combining DEM
data can be a feasible approach to improve the understanding of the relationships among SOC, topographic, and geomorphological
features. 相似文献
995.
996.
A high-throughput screening method using selective pressurized liquid extraction (SPLE) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for monitoring dioxins in sediment and soil is described. SPLE conditions were developed by extracting sediment or soil together with alumina, 10% AgNO3 in silica, and sulfuric acid impregnated silica (acid silica) using dichloromethane (DCM) as the solvent at 100 °C and 2000 psi. Post-extraction cleanups were not required for ELISA. Two reference sediments (National Institute of Standards and Technology SRM 1944 and Wellington Laboratories WMS01) were analyzed by the SPLE–ELISA method. The ELISA utilized a polyclonal antibody and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) as the calibrant. Recoveries of ELISA-derived TCDD equivalents (EQ) relative to the expected gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry (GC/HRMS) derived dioxin toxic equivalent (TEQ) values were 116 ± 11% for SRM 1944 and 102 ± 13% for WMS01. ELISA TCDD EQs were consistent with the dioxin TEQs as measured by GC/HRMS for 25 soil/sediment samples from seven different contaminated sites. The ELISA had an approximate method detection limit of 10 pg g−1 with a precision of 2.6–29% based on the relative percentage difference (%RPD) for duplicate samples. Estimated sample throughput for the SPLE–ELISA was three times or more than that of the GC/HRMS method employing PLE with a multi-column cleanup. 相似文献
997.
“安全科学技术”一级学科修订 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
介绍《学科分类与代码》国家标准中"安全科学技术"一级学科经过5年完成了制定,简述颁布16年后的实施及实践活动。近3年,经过多方研讨、论证,于2009年5月完成了"安全科学技术"一级学科的修订工作。通过该学科重新修订,进一步理顺了下属学科的名称、层次和隶属关系,增设多个(包括公共安全)二级学科和三级学科,使学科内容更加丰富、系统和完整。《学科分类与代码》国家标准GB/T13745—2009(代替GB/T13745—1992)的颁布实施,使"安全科学技术"一级学科在我国科教界的地位进一步巩固、发展和完善。 相似文献
998.
Stability of titania nanoparticles in soil suspensions and transport in saturated homogeneous soil columns 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Jing Fang Bei Wen Jin-ming Lin 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(4):1101-1109
The stability of TiO2 nanoparticles in soil suspensions and their transport behavior through saturated homogeneous soil columns were studied. The results showed that TiO2 could remain suspended in soil suspensions even after settling for 10 days. The suspended TiO2 contents in soil suspensions after 24 h were positively correlated with the dissolved organic carbon and clay content of the soils, but were negatively correlated with ionic strength, pH and zeta potential. In soils containing soil particles of relatively large diameters and lower solution ionic strengths, a significant portion of the TiO2 (18.8-83.0%) readily passed through the soils columns, while TiO2 was significantly retained by soils with higher clay contents and salinity. TiO2 aggregate sizes in the column outflow significantly increased after passing through the soil columns. The estimated transport distances of TiO2 in some soils ranged from 41.3 to 370 cm, indicating potential environmental risk of TiO2 nanoparticles to deep soil layers. 相似文献
999.
Guoxiong Hua Brett Lyons Ian Singleton 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(3):916-921
In this study, three different soils with contrasting features, spiked with 300 mg benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)/kg dry soil, were incubated at 20 °C and 60% water holding capacity for 540 days. At different time points, BaP and DNA were extracted and quantified, and DNA adducts were quantified by 32P-postlabelling. After 540 days incubation, 69.3, 81.6 and 83.2% of initial BaP added remained in Cruden Bay, Boyndie and Insch soils, respectively. Meanwhile, a significantly different amount of DNA-BaP adducts were found in the three soils exposed to BaP over time. The work demonstrates the concept that DNA adducts can be detected on DNA extracted from soil. Results suggest the technique is not able to directly reflect bioavailability of BaP transformation products. However, this new method provides a potential way to detect mutagenic compounds in contaminated soil and to assess the outcomes of soil remediation. 相似文献
1000.
Hansen M Krogh KA Brandt A Christensen JH Halling-Sørensen B 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(2):474-480
The antibacterial potency of eight anticoccidial drugs was tested in a soil bacteria bioassay (pour plate method), EC50-values between 2.4 and 19.6 μM were obtained; however, one compound, nicarbazin exhibited an EC50-value above the maximum tested concentration (21 μM, 9.1 mg L−1). The potency of mixtures of two of the compounds, narasin and nicarbazin, was synergistic (more than additive) with 10-fold greater antibacterial potency of the mixture than can be explained by their individual EC50-values. The influence of pH, temperature, oxygen concentration and light on the transformation of robenidine and salinomycin was investigated. Robenidine was transformed by photolysis (DT50 of 4.1 days) and was unstable at low pH (DT50 of approximately 4 days); salinomycin was merely transformed at low pH, the latter into an unknown number of products. The antibacterial potency of the mixtures of transformation products of robenidine after photolysis and at low pH was comparable with that of the parent compound. Finally five photo-transformation products of robenidine were structural elucidated by accurate mass measurements, i-FIT values (isotopic pattern fit) and MS/MS fragmentation patterns. 相似文献