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排序方式: 共有135条查询结果,搜索用时 326 毫秒
111.
Jan Weber Jana Klánová Crispin J. Halsall 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(12):3308-3313
Here we investigate the photodegradation of structurally similar organophosphorus pesticides; methyl-parathion and fenitrothion in water (20 °C) and ice (−15 °C) under environmentally-relevant conditions with the aim of comparing these laboratory findings to limited field observations. Both compounds were found to be photolyzed more efficiently in ice than in aqueous solutions, with quantum yields of degradation being higher in ice than in water (fenitrothion > methyl-parathion). This rather surprising observation was attributed to the concentration effect caused by freezing the aqueous solutions. The major phototransformation products included the corresponding oxons (methyl-paraoxon and fenitroxon) and the nitrophenols (3-methyl-nitrophenol and nitrophenol) in both irradiated water and ice samples. The presence of oxons in ice following irradiation, demonstrates an additional formation mechanism of these toxicologically relevant compounds in cold environments, although further photodegradation of oxons in ice indicates that photochemistry of OPs might be an environmentally important sink in cold environments. 相似文献
112.
Satoshi Kikuchi Hirohisa SakuraiShuichi Gunji Fuyuki Tokanai 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2009
We have been continuously observing the daily 7Be concentrations in surface air at Yamagata, Japan (38.25° N, 140.35° E) since 2000. The yearly profile of the 7Be concentration indicates the variation in galactic cosmic rays owing to solar modulation. Over 8 y, the 7Be concentration, cosmic neutrons, and number of sunspots varied by 37.4%, 12.2%, and 92.8%, respectively. The influence of precipitation on the 7Be variability was approximately 5%. Hence, the yearly 7Be concentration was mainly varied by the solar modulation of the 7Be production rates. Based on the production rates found in an EXPACS simulation, the observed variability indicates 7Be transport from high latitudes. The daily 7Be concentrations have two significant periodic components of 19 d and 36 d. The 36-d component implies a relationship between the sun's rotation and the vertical transport of air masses under quiet solar activity. 相似文献
113.
Measured monthly atmospheric depositional fluxes of cosmogenically produced 7Be ranged from 1 to 67 mBq/cm2 in Boston, Massachusetts between September 2000 and August 2007. These fluxes exhibited seasonality and supported a decay-corrected 7Be atmospheric depositional running inventory that ranged from 36 to 144 mBq/cm2. Annual 7Be deposition exhibited an increasing trend that may reflect a general decrease in solar activity and a general increase in precipitation over the 7-year sampling period. To investigate short-term sediment dynamics and accumulation patterns in the Neponset River estuary, we collected six sediment cores in July 2006 and measured 7Be sediment inventories ranging from 48 to 546 mBq/cm2 Comparisons of these sediment inventories with the 7Be running inventory from atmospheric deposition (101 mBq/cm2) at the time of core collection indicated a large degree of spatial heterogeneity in sediment accumulation patterns and its potential use as a tool for assessing the impacts of environmental restoration activities in estuarine environments. 相似文献
114.
本文详细解读了IEC61215:2005标准中的紫外预处理试验。介绍了材料耐候性老化测试原理,包括户外老化及紫外光加速老化测试原理,从光谱的定义、辐照度的设定、温度及湿度控制等几个方面对IEC61215:2005标准中的紫外试验进行分析。最后指出QUV运行该标准时的参数设定。 相似文献
115.
Mohamed Hdi Romdhana Didier Lecomte Bruno Ladevie Caroline Sablayrolles 《Process Safety and Environmental Protection》2009,87(6):377-386
The sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plant is a potential source of infectious organism. The number and type of pathogens in sludge depends on various factors namely, the wastewater source, the type of treatment plant, and other environmental factors such as the biological medium offered by the sewage sludge. The principal sludge-borne diseases are presented followed by discussion on biological aspect of growth and occurrence. The overall objective of this work is to estimate kinetic reduction of pathogen population in sludge during different thermal-drying process including: the agitated conductive drying, drum drying, solar drying, and fry-drying. The temperature curves were reported from literature except frying data which were determined in experiment. In order to apply the temperature influence on pathogens population, kinetic parameters for the thermal inactivation (D, z-values) were chosen from literature. Values of concentrations of each pathogen were also extracted from scientific review of pathogens in bio-solids. This study conducted to resolve the survival kinetic of Hepatitis A viruses. The result showed that a concentration of 7 × 104 cfu/100 ml initially present in the sewage sludge is significantly reduced during the heat drying processes except the solar plant. The sewage sludge is completely disinfected when heated for 20 min, 10 min, and 10 s, respectively, during the agitated conductive process, vacuum fry-drying, and drum drying process. 相似文献
116.
M. Boulaid A. Tihane R. Oaddi A. Elfanaoui K. Bouabid A. Ihlal 《International Journal of Green Energy》2017,14(14):1182-1191
This paper analyses actual performance of three grid-connected photovoltaic systems based on different silicon technologies, installed at the faculty of sciences of Agadir. The outdoor facilities consist of 2.04 kWp of mono crystalline (m-Si), 1.86 kWp of amorphous (μcSi/a-Si:H), and 2.04 kWp of multi crystalline (mc-Si) silicon PV systems. Datasets were collected during one entire year under real measured irradiation and ambient temperature conditions. The performance of these roof mounted PV systems was conducted on daily and monthly bases. Parameters like annual specific yield, system efficiency, and performance ratio were evaluated and found to be 1827 kWh/kWp.year, 20.9% and 80.2% for amorphous, 1863 kWh/kWp.year, 21.3% and 80.7%, for mono crystalline and 1895 kWh/kWp.year, 21.7% and 82.2% for multi crystalline. 相似文献
117.
Outdoor power performance measurements of silicon (Si) solar cells and its assembled module were carried out at the coastal site of geographical location of 12.0107° Latitude and 79.856° Longitude, of Puducherry, India. Measurements were analyzed in comparison with the daily solar illumination data obtained by an optical pyranometer deployed with global measurement condition. It was found that the module required ~3 times more illumination to stabilize in its output voltage than the requirement of an individual cell and exhibited 11.35% loss in its efficiency compared to its STC value. Proposed operation of 5.30 hours was found resulting in an output rating fixed at ~40% from its 100% full capacity. 相似文献
118.
Solar radiation management (SRM) has been proposed as a means of last resort against dangerous climate change. We propose a stylized model of intergenerational decision making on SRM research, greenhouse-gas abatement and SRM deployment, under uncertainties about (a) the extent of future climate damage and (b) effectiveness and potential harmful side-effects of SRM. Open-ended research may reveal either that SRM effectively reduces climate damage, or that it would cause more harm than benefits. We find that SRM research increases the likelihood of deployment (“slippery slope”), and derive conditions that it decreases abatement effort in expectation (“moral hazard”). Neither of these provides a rationale against SRM research, though. The rational decision is to perform SRM research, unless (i) discounting is hyperbolic and (ii) the absolute prudence of expected climate damage is smaller than absolute risk aversion. These results generalize to the case where SRM research also provides information on climate sensitivity. 相似文献
119.
Poblete R Prieto-Rodríguez L Oller I Maldonado MI Malato S Otal E Vilches LF Fernández-Pereira C 《Chemosphere》2012,88(9):1090-1096
The treatment of municipal solid waste landfill leachate in a pilot plant made up of solar compound parabolic collectors, using a solid industrial titanium by-product (WTiO2) containing TiO2 and Fe(III) as a photocatalyst, was investigated. In the study evidence was found showing that the degradation performed with WTiO2 was mainly due to the Fe provided by this by-product, instead of TiO2. However, although TiO2 had very little effect by itself, a synergistic effect was observed between Fe and TiO2. The application of WTiO2, which produced coupled photo-Fenton and heterogeneous catalysis reactions, achieved a surprisingly high depuration level (86% of COD removal), higher than that reached by photo-Fenton using commercial FeSO4 (43%) in the same conditions. After the oxidation process the biodegradability and toxicity of the landfill leachate were studied. The results showed that the leachate biodegradability was substantially increased, at least in the first stages of the process, and again that WTiO2 was more efficient than FeSO4 in terms of increasing biodegradability. 相似文献
120.
This paper focuses on investigating the current--voltage (I--V) and power--voltage (P--V) characteristics of a photovoltaic (PV) module connected in various configurations like series, parallel, and series-parallel. The performance analysis of PV module has been carried out under uniform and non-uniform conditions such as change in irradiation (passing clouds), change in temperature, accumulation of dust, and change in wind speed using MATLAB-Simulink environment. From the observed results, it has been indicated that for a given number of PV modules, the array configurations affect the maximum available output power and more local maxima are found under partially shaded conditions. Moreover, the comparative analysis of PV module has been performed for various configurations under the above disturbances. From the results, it is evident that even under non-uniform conditions, the parallel configuration of PV modules is more prominent and maximum output power is obtained. Further, parallel layout is particularly convenient for minimizing shadowing effects. The parameters of the PV module have been obtained from the manufacturer datasheet (KC200GT) for these investigations. 相似文献