乌梁素海富营养化状态的模糊模式识别研究

本文利用模糊模式识别交叉迭代模型对分布于乌梁素海各水功能区的21个水质监测点,2009年5月～10月的富营养化等级进行了模糊模式识别研究;并利用Arcview的空间分析功能,绘制富营养化等级识别结果的空间分布月变化Grid图。将富营养化状态识别结果及其分布区域与乌梁素海同期水质监测指标浓度变化及其分布区域进行对比分析及验证。识别结果与实际水质状况相符,验证了该方法的有效性。     

Just sustainabilities and local action: evidence from 400 flagship initiatives

Just sustainabilities has emerged as a powerful discourse to guide local action towards sustainability. As an overarching discourse, it prescribes four policy principles: (1) addressing well-being and quality of life; (2) meeting the needs of present and future generations; (3) enabling justice and equity in terms of recognition, process, procedure, and outcome; and (4) living within ecosystem limits. Following previous calls for engaging public and private actors in just sustainabilities, this paper inquiries about the extent to which these principles can be realistically integrated in local environmental governance. A database of 400 sustainability initiatives in more than 200 cities in all world regions is analysed to examine whether just sustainabilities principles are already enshrined, explicitly or implicitly, in local sustainability initiatives. This analysis suggests that, in this sample, there is a significant deficit in terms of addressing the principles of justice and equity, and ecosystem limits. However, the data also suggest that local action may already be delivering some aspects of just sustainabilities, even if this is not always explicit. The paper concludes with a call for a coordinated effort to translate a just sustainabilities discourse to local actors leading action on the ground.     

Song rate as a signal for nest site quality in blackcaps (Sylvia atricapilla)

In this study we examine male song output as a measure of nest site quality in blackcaps (Sylvia atricapilla). Song rate, breeding success, predation on nests and reaction to playbacks were investigated in individual males. Habitat features determining nest site and song post quality in terms of vegetation cover were compared between successful nests and nests that had suffered predation. We then related song rate of unmated males to habitat factors in territories and nesting sites in order to examine a possible predictor function of blackcap song for habitat quality. Several habitat features are responsible for variation in nesting success. These features also correlate with song rate of unmated males. The study indicates a potential role of song rate in the advertisement of territory quality. Furthermore, the data suggest that females use song rates rather than territory quality in mating decisions. The information females may gain about male quality in relation to territory quality are also discussed.     

Singing performance,frequency matching and courtship success of long-tailed manakins (Chiroxiphia linearis)

We examined the relationship between song performance and courtship success in the lek-mating long-tailed manakin (Chiroxiphia linearis) of Costa Rica. Teams of male manakins form cooperative partnerships consisting of a dominant alpha male and a beta male partner with a variable number of subordinate affiliates. Each alpha and beta partnership performs a joint song virtually in unison, which attracts females to their lek arena. We quantified four aspects of song performance, including synchrony, degree of consistency in the alpha male's singing, degree of consistency in the beta male's singing, and degree of sound frequency matching between partners. When all four variables were included in a discriminant function analysis, average frequency matching alone was useful in discriminating between teams with high rates of visitation by females and those with low visitation rates. Only frequency matching was correlated with the rate at which females visited display lek arenas. We propose that the degree of frequency matching provides an unambiguous ideal against which dual-male courtship performance can be assessed. This aspect of song performance may provide information useful to females in assesing a potential mate's ability to form a cooperative long-term partnership.     

钻井过程人员异常行为视频智能识别系统

针对钻井现场视频监控人工值守工作量大、异常行为识别不及时、海量视频数据缺乏实时报警等问题,结合钻井作业操作规程建立井控坐岗监测、起下钻、甩钻具等钻井作业场景典型异常行为判别规则,在基于卷积神经网络的目标检测方法基础上,引入SIFT方法和基于强化学习的困难样本筛选策略,提高了算法识别的准确率与鲁棒性。测试结果表明,在像素分辨率1 920×1 080的情况下,该方法整体识别准确率达到85%以上,平均识别速度为135 ms/帧。在此基础上,开发了钻井过程人员异常行为智能识别系统,试点应用结果表明,该系统能够对接入的视频流进行实时检测,及时、准确识别出坐岗人员擅自离岗、起下钻及甩钻具过程人员危险站位等异常行为,有效提升钻井现场安全管理水平。     

属性识别理论在综合评价城市污泥堆肥腐熟度中的应用

基于属性识别理论,以含水率、挥发固体、粪大肠菌值、发芽指数作为腐熟程度的判别指标体系,并根据信息熵客观计算权重,建立属性识别模型,并用此模型综合评价城市污泥堆肥的腐熟度.实例应用表明,属性识别理论应用于污泥堆肥腐熟度的评价是可行的,而且评价结果比较合理.     

加强环境污染事故的应急监测

阐述污染事故处理和应急监测的重要性,指出污染事故特征、危害和处理方法;论述了应急监测的组织机构、运行机制、监测方法和监测仪器的配备情况,建议环保部门在提高应急监测的同时,积极开展研究应急监测的分析方法、标准以及发展规划。     

Prior experience with eggs laid by non-nestmate queens induces egg acceptance errors in ant workers

We studied the effect of prior experience to eggs laid by nestmate and non-nestmate queens on the acceptance of queen-laid eggs by worker wood ants, Formica fusca. We transferred eggs from a non-nestmate queen into colonies during early spring, when their own queen was recommencing egg laying. A few weeks later, workers from these “experienced” colonies accepted eggs of both familiar (44% acceptance) and unfamiliar (40%) non-nestmate queens much more than workers from control colonies (2%) that had only had previous contact with their own queen’s eggs. Thus, prior exposure to eggs laid by a non-nestmate queen induces much greater acceptance of all non-nestmate queen-laid eggs. Mechanistically, we hypothesize that exposure to eggs from several queens may increase acceptance by causing a highly permissive acceptance threshold of non-nestmate queen-laid eggs rather than by widening the template for acceptable queen-laid eggs. These novel results show that egg-discrimination behaviour in F. fusca is flexible and that workers respond to the diversity of eggs experienced in their colony.     

基于疲劳模式识别的VDT作业工间休息机制*

为保障作业人员身心健康和作业效率,运用E-Prime软件模拟认知性VDT持续作业,通过方差分析提出作业疲劳综合评价指标体系,并使用客观绩效指标和生理指标作为输入变量,主观疲劳综合指数作为输出变量,训练BP神经网络,对作业疲劳进行模式识别;提出认知性VDT持续作业工间休息机制。结果表明:通过正确反应时间、注视时间、瞳孔直径、眨眼频率4项指标,对VDT持续作业疲劳进行模式识别的结果可信度较高。因此,基于上述4项指标提出的工间休息机制客观有效。     

基于贝叶斯估计的多探测器火警判定方法研究*

为应对感烟探测器的大量误报对消防应急响应带来的挑战,考虑目前以感烟探测器为主的火警设施误报率高且短期内难以全部更换的特点,提出基于贝叶斯估计的多探测器火警判定方法,通过多个探测器的报警时间间隔计算火源位置的后验概率分布,并提出火警真实度概念,为火警判定提供依据。结果表明:使用多探测器耦合模型时每增加1个探测器可将误报率降低约4个数量级,该方法在探测器正常、部分失效、误报的情景下均能有效判别火警。