环境与经济综合核算的系统动力学模型

环境与经济综合核算（绿色GDP核算）是最主要的评价经济增长真实状况的手段之一。然而,绿色GDP的核算在国内外却备受争议。其原因就在于核算方式是不完整的、静态的、事后核算和分项计算的,对转变经济增长方式的指导意义有限。为了克服绿色GDP核算中存在的问题,首次提出了系统动力学绿色GDP核算方法,充分发挥了系统动力学结构功能分析的特点,将复杂的绿色GDP核算内容,统一在一个动态的、预测型的、具有反馈特征的模型之中;为经济增长方式的调整提供了充分的信息和调节端口;此外,绿色GDP系统动力学核算模型还可以作为一个核算和政策模拟平台,通过不断完善、调整而长期使用。     

Beryllium-7 atmospheric deposition and sediment inventories in the Neponset River estuary,Massachusetts, USA

Measured monthly atmospheric depositional fluxes of cosmogenically produced ⁷Be ranged from 1 to 67 mBq/cm² in Boston, Massachusetts between September 2000 and August 2007. These fluxes exhibited seasonality and supported a decay-corrected ⁷Be atmospheric depositional running inventory that ranged from 36 to 144 mBq/cm². Annual ⁷Be deposition exhibited an increasing trend that may reflect a general decrease in solar activity and a general increase in precipitation over the 7-year sampling period. To investigate short-term sediment dynamics and accumulation patterns in the Neponset River estuary, we collected six sediment cores in July 2006 and measured ⁷Be sediment inventories ranging from 48 to 546 mBq/cm² Comparisons of these sediment inventories with the ⁷Be running inventory from atmospheric deposition (101 mBq/cm²) at the time of core collection indicated a large degree of spatial heterogeneity in sediment accumulation patterns and its potential use as a tool for assessing the impacts of environmental restoration activities in estuarine environments.     

影响除雾器带浆量2个因素的三维模拟研究

湿法烟气脱硫系统(WFGD)中除雾器是一个十分关键的设备.我们利用CFD三维软件模拟计算研究最顶端喷淋层与除雾器之间距离(D)以及空塔速度(V)对进入除雾器浆液量(M)的影响.结果表明,M与D成幂指数关系,而与V成线性关系.此外,进入除雾器的浆液粒径分布可以用Rosin-Rammler分布来拟合.     

基于SD模型的博尔塔拉河流域水资源承载力研究

从水资源承载力的研究方法入手,采用系统动力学方法进行水资源承载力定量化计算,在对博尔塔拉河流域地理环境现状和该方法建模思路分析的基础上,建立适合该地区特色的系统动力学模型（简称SD模型）。应用Yenism软件,把各参数代入方程,对博尔塔拉河流域水资源利用和需求进行动态计算。通过对模型计算结果的分析,验证了模型的合理性和可操作性,从而为博尔塔拉河流域水资源承载力的进一步研究提供了必要的手段,也为其他区域的水资源可持续利用研究提供了一定的借鉴。     

Nitrogen dynamics of a mountain forest on dolomitic limestone--a scenario-based risk assessment

The dominant nitrogen (N) fluxes were simulated in a mountain forest ecosystem on dolomitic bedrock in the Austrian Alps. Based on an existing small-scale climate model the simulation encompassed the present situation and a 50-yr projection. The investigated scenarios were current climate, current N deposition (SC1) and future climate (+2.5 degrees C and +10% annual precipitation) with three levels of N deposition (SC2, 3, 4). The microbially mediated N transformation, including the emission of nitrogen oxides, was calculated with PnET-N-DNDC. Soil hydrology was calculated with HYDRUS and was used to estimate the leaching of nitrate. The expected change of the forest ecosystem due to changes of the climate and the N availability was simulated with PICUS. The incentive for the project was the fact that forests on dolomitic limestone stock on shallow Rendzic Leptosols that are rich in soil organic matter are considered highly sensitive to the expected environmental changes. The simulation results showed a strong effect due to increased temperatures and to elevated levels of N deposition. The outflux of N, both as nitrate (6-25kg Nha(-1)yr(-1)) and nitrogen oxides (1-2kg Nha(-1)yr(-1)), from the forest ecosystem are expected to increase. Temperature exerts a stronger effect on the N(2)O emission than the increased rate of N deposition. The main part of the N emission will occur as N(2) (15kg Nha(-1)yr(-1)). The total N loss is partially offset by increased rates of N uptake in the biomass due to an increase in forest productivity.     

电-Fenton法降解TNT弹药销毁废水

2,4,6-三硝基甲苯(TNT)弹药销毁废水的色度高、毒性大、不易生化降解。采用电Fenton法降解TNT弹药销毁废水。研究了电压(U)、极板间距(D)、初始p H、H2O2投加量(M)、n(Fe2+)/n(H2O2)摩尔比及反应时间(T)对废水COD去除率的影响;优化了反应条件:在U=8 V,D=1 cm,初始p H=3,M(H2O2)=0.0916 mol/L,n(Fe2+)/n(H2O2)=1∶30,T=4 h的条件下,废水的COD去除率大于86%,出水的其余指标如色度、氨氮、p H、TNT含量等各指标经国标法测量均达标。通过对反应动力学方程的分析,得出该实验基本符合二级反应动力学。该法操作简单实用,是处理该废水行之有效的方法。     

改性膨润土对水体中多环芳烃的吸附

改性膨润土被广泛地应用于吸附水体中重金属离子和有机污染物,但关于改性膨润土吸附水体中多环芳烃混合物的动力学研究鲜见报道。利用十二烷基三甲溴化铵和十二烷基磺酸钠对膨润土进行改性,并将之应用于吸附水体中萘、蒽、菲和芘4种多环芳烃,考察了吸附剂投加量、时间和温度等条件对吸附效果的影响。实验结果表明,在25℃、吸附时间40 min、起始浓度为1.25 mg/m L、改性膨润土的投加量为4 g/L的条件下,该吸附剂对萘、蒽、菲和芘的吸附率分别为99.1%、99.6%、98.7%和98.9%。改性膨润土对水体中4种多环芳烃的吸附机理服从准二级动力学方程,该吸附剂吸附等温线服从Langmuir方程。     

基于絮体生长特性和体系稳定性的海水混凝过程

以三氯化铁和聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PDMDAAC)为主要原料,制备PFC-PDMDAAC复合絮凝剂,分析其形貌特征,考察对海水的絮凝效果,并监测絮凝过程中絮体聚集变化、动态沉降及不同温度下絮凝程度的变化规律.结果表明,PFC-PDMDAAC的长链枝权状结构使其具有较好的除浊效果;当投加量从1×10-5mol/L增加到2×10-4 mol/L,体系中絮体平均粒径从5.92 μm增大至53.7 μm,粒径变化速率从65.5133 μm/min增加到5 385.66 μm/min;絮凝指数FI受海水温度的影响很大,温度越低,FI曲线上升越缓慢;与未投絮凝剂、投加PFC相比,投加PFC-PDMDAAC的海水体系具有较大的稳定动力学参数.通过定量分析絮体平均粒径、粒径变化速率、絮凝指数FI及稳定动力学参数等,从絮体特性和体系稳定动力学角度为监测混凝过程提供参考.     

温度对NH3-N废水硝化动力学参数影响的实验研究

在采用活性污泥法对NH3-N废水进行脱氮处理时,氮的硝化效果是最关键的环节。要使硝化过程获得良好的硝化效果,就必需了解硝化动力学。本研究以高溶度NH3-N废水为研究对象,研究和观测反应温度对硝化过程的影响,得出了有效的动力学参数。     

用雨流计数法统计地震波的动力循环参数

引入雨流计数法统计地震波的动力循环参数。采用雨流计数法不仅可以统计地震动的振动幅度分布,而且可对地震波的动力循环的加载速度、加载顺序进行统计,也可为评估震后结构的损伤、砂土振动液化判别等与动力循环性质有关的研究提供必需载荷基础数据的一种新方法。