微波-活性炭联合作用在污染控制中的应用

近年来,微波技术被越来越多地应用于污染控制方面的研究,其中相当一部分工作是借助于微波与活性炭的相互作用,即利用活性炭在微波辐照下可快速升温的特性,获得较高反应温度,同时活性炭还具有较强的还原能力和催化作用,从而达到分解吸附在活性炭孔隙内部或与活性炭共存于同一体系中的污染物的目的。首先从活性炭在微波场中升温的角度探讨了微波辐照对活性炭的作用,并就微波活性炭联合作用在气态污染物处理、液态污染物处理、土壤污染修复以及活性炭为载体的催化剂制备等方面的研究进展进行了评述。     

降低FCC再生烟气NOx排放助剂的实验室评价

通过采用ACE装置与烟气NOx分析仪器联用的实验室评价方法,可在更接近实际催化裂化反应-再生过程的条件下,评价助剂对再生烟气中NOx的催化转化性能,同时还可考察助剂的加入对催化裂化产品分布的影响.采用该方法对几种降NOx助剂的性能进行了评价,结果表明,在催化剂体系中含有Pt基CO助燃剂的情况下,加入4%的RDNOx助剂后,烟气NOx降低幅度约30%～40%,且催化裂化产品分布基本不受影响.     

低频超声协同Fe-Ni-Mn/Al_2O_3催化降解酸性绿B的研究

采用低频超声与Fe-Ni-Mn/Al2O3催化剂协同降解偶氮染料酸性绿B模拟废水,考察染料初始浓度和pH值、催化剂、饱和气体及H2O2等因素对酸性绿B降解效果的影响,结果表明:催化剂Fe-Ni-Mn/Al2O3与低频超声存在协同效应,催化剂的最佳投加量为6 g/L;酸性条件有利于染料的超声降解,当pH=3.8时,可取得最佳的降解效果;酸性绿B降解率随初始浓度的增大而降低,其优化初始浓度为100 mg/L,此外,在反应体系中鼓入饱和气体也可促进酸性B的降解,且影响顺序为混合气体(air+Ar)>氧气>氩气;在反应过程中投加H2O2有利于染料降解率的提高.在优化实验条件下降解150 min,酸性绿B色度去除率达到91.4%.     

Hydrodechlorination of dichlorobenzenes and their derivatives over Ni-Mo/C catalyst: kinetic analysis and effect of molecular structure of reactant

The kinetics of the catalytic hydrodechlorination (HDC) process of selected dichlorobenzenes (DCBs), dichlorotoluenes (DCTs) and dichlorodiphenyls (DCDs) was studied in the presence of a sulphided carbon-supported Ni-Mo catalyst. The HDC runs were performed in a magnetic stirred batch reactor in the range of 210-230 °C under the hydrogen pressure of 3 MPa. The kinetic constants were evaluated and the reaction network was proposed assuming the pseudo-first order kinetics of dechlorination process. The HDC of aromatic dichloroderivatives proceeded via a network of sequential-parallel reactions. At 210 °C DCBs, DCTs and DCDs followed mainly the pathway of direct transformation to respective aromatic hydrocarbon. At 230 °C, the contribution of sequential dechlorination to monochloroderivative became more predominant.     

Synthesis and use of a catalyst in the production of biodiesel from Pongamia pinnata seed oil with dimethyl carbonate

The preparation of sodium methoxide-treated algae catalysts and their activity in the transesterification of Pongamia pinnata seed oil by dimethyl carbonate were investigated. We also investigated the effect of the sodium methoxide-treated algae catalyst on the biodiesel yield. The development of sodium methoxide-treated algae catalysts can overcome most problems associated with dissolution in dimethyl carbonate. The products were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy to identify the fatty acid methyl esters in the biodiesel produced. The molar ratio of Pongamia pinnata seed oil to dimethyl carbonate in transesterification in the presence of the sodium methoxide-treated algae catalyst was observed to play a substantial role in this study, wherein the Pongamia pinnata seed oil conversion increased with increasing catalyst concentration. The highest percent conversion rate was 97%. With intense research focus and development, an ideal catalyst can indeed be developed for optimal biodiesel production that is both economically feasible and environmentally benign.     

催化氧化处理苯化工装置和罐区含氮挥发性有机物废气

采用自行研制的WSH-2N型蜂窝状Pt-Pd-Ce催化剂,对某企业苯胺、硝基苯等生产装置和罐区的含氮挥发性有机物(NVOCs)废气进行集中处理,考察了废气处理工业装置的运行效果。在小型装置上处理后总烃去除率大于97%,净化气总烃质量浓度小于20 mg/m~3,NO_x质量浓度小于30 mg/m~3,苯胺、硝基苯中氮转化为N2的选择性大于95%。20 000 Nm~3/h催化氧化处理装置生产运行和性能考核表明,苯化工装置和罐区VOCs废气经过催化氧化处理,非甲烷总烃去除率大于99%;净化气中非甲烷总烃质量浓度小于10 mg/m~3,苯、苯胺、硝基苯、环己烷等有机特征污染物均低于检出限,NO_x的质量浓度小于10 mg/m~3。     

膜分离—变压吸附耦合工艺处理催化剂载体生产废气

采用膜分离—变压吸附耦合工艺处理DQ催化剂载体生产过程产生的高浓度挥发性有机物（VOCs）废气。实验结果表明：在进气正己烷和非甲烷总烃的质量浓度分别为95 000~212 000 mg/m³和100 000 ~220 000 mg/m³、渗余侧压力0.25 MPa、渗透侧真空度0.09 MPa、进气流量15 Nm³/h的条件下,膜分离单元对废气中正己烷及非甲烷总烃的平均去除率分别为97.88%和97.29%;变压吸附单元对正己烷及非甲烷总烃的平均去除率分别为99.35%和99.33%;整套装置对正己烷及非甲烷总烃的平均总去除率分别为99.99%和99.98%。平均正己烷回收率达95.56%。处理后废气中非甲烷总烃质量浓度小于70 mg/ m³,达到北京市DB 11/ 447—2007 《炼油与石油化学工业大气污染物排放标准》的一级指标。     

从废甲醇合成催化剂中回收铜锌

将废RK-05甲醇合成催化剂经过煅烧、浸取、精制等工序回收其中的铜和锌。经正交实验得到煅烧废催化剂的最优工艺参数为:废催化剂筛目100目,煅烧温度950℃,煅烧时间60 min。最佳浸取工艺条件为:废催化剂加入量约4 g/L,浸取温度75℃,浸取剂用量与理论用量体积比2.0~3.0,浸取剂浓度4.0 mol/L,浸取时间10min。精制工序制备CuO的最佳工艺条件为:锌粒与滤渣质量比为1.00,反应时间3 h,煅烧温度450℃,煅烧时间4 h。制备ZnO的最佳工艺条件为:煅烧温度800℃,煅烧时间60 min。回收的产品CuO纯度为99.1%,满足GB/T674—2003《化学试剂粉状氧化铜》中优级品的标准。回收的产品ZnO纯度为99.6%,满足GB/T3185—1992《氧化锌(间接法)》中一级品的标准。     

CO_2氢化催化剂研究进展及应用前景分析

由于CO_2在热力学上的稳定性和动力学上的惰性,高效催化剂被广泛应用于CO_2催化氢化反应以实现CO_2的资源化利用。本文主要从催化剂的制备方法、结构特性以及实验条件优化等角度综述了Ni基催化剂、Cu基催化剂和贵金属催化剂在CO_2催化氢化领域的研究进展,并指出了目前研究成果中存在的不足和今后的研究建议。     

Co-composting of spent coffee ground with olive mill wastewater sludge and poultry manure and effect of Trametes versicolor inoculation on the compost maturity

The co-composting of spent coffee grounds, olive mill wastewater sludge and poultry manure was investigated on a semi-industrial scale. In order to reduce the toxicity of the phenolic fraction and to improve the degree of composting humification, composts were inoculated with the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor in the early stages of the maturation phase.During composting, a range of physico-chemical parameters (temperature and both organic matter and C/N reduction), total organic carbon, total nitrogen, elemental composition, lignin degradation and spectroscopic characteristics of the humic acids (HAs) were determined; impacts of the composting process on germination index of Hordeum vulgare and Lactuca sativa were assessed. The coffee waste proved to be a highly compostable feedstock, resulting in mature final compost with a germination index of 120% in less than 5 months composting. In addition, inoculation with T. versicolor led to a greater degree of aromatization of HA than in the control pile. Moreover, in the inoculated mixture, lignin degradation was three times greater and HA increased by 30% (P < 0.05), compared to the control pile. In the T. versicolor inoculated mixture, the averages of C and N were significantly enhanced in the HA molecules (P < 0.05), by 26% and 22%, respectively. This improvement in the degree of humification was confirmed by the ratio of optical densities of HA solutions at 465 and 665 nm which was lower for HA from the treated mixture (4.5) than that from the control pile (5.4).