Removing lignin model pollutants with BiFeO3–g-C3N4 compound as an efficient visible-light-heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst

BiFeO_3–g-C_3N_4 nanoscaled composite was prepared with a hydrothermal method and evaluated as a highly efficient photo-Fenton like catalyst under visible light irradiation. The BiFeO_3–g-C_3N_4 composite exhibited much stronger adsorption ability to lignin model pollutant(guaiacol) than that of BiFeO_3, which may be due to the higher specific surface area(BiFeO_3–g-C_3N_4: 35.59 m~2/g BiFeO_3: 7.42 m~2/g) and the adsorption form of π–π stack between g-C_3N_4 and guaiacol. The composite exhibited excellent visible light-Fenton like catalysis activity, being influenced by the solution pH value and the proportions of BiFeO_3 and g-C_3N_4 nanosheets. Under optimal conditions with visible light irradiation, the BiFeO_3–g-C_3N_4 composite yielded fast degradation of guaiacol with an apparent rate constant of 0.0452 min~(-1), which were 5.21 and 6.80 folds of that achieved by using BiFeO_3 and the mixture of BiFeO_3 and g-C_3N_4 nanosheets, respectively. The significantly enhanced visible light-Fenton like catalytic properties of the BiFeO_3–g-C_3N_4 composite in comparison with that of BiFeO_3 was attributed to a large surface area, much increased adsorption capacity and the semiconductor coupling effect between BiFeO_3 and g-C_3N_4 in the composite.     

基于新型陶粒催化剂的H_2O_2/O_3多相催化氧化体系降解刚果红的研究

用自制陶粒催化剂与臭氧(O_3)、双氧水(H_2O_2)构建多相催化氧化体系降解水中的刚果红。采用电镜扫描、能谱分析与红外光谱等表征了陶粒催化剂,考察了反应时间、O_3浓度、H_2O_2投加量等因素下多相催化氧化体系对刚果红色度和COD去除率。结果表明:自制的陶粒催化剂表面较为粗糙,比表面积较大,反应后的陶粒催化剂表面较为平滑,比表面积较反应前减少;自制陶粒催化剂对H_2O_2催化能力差,但对O_3、H_2O_2/O_3具有较好的催化效果。当O_3浓度在1.2~3.8 mg/L时,陶粒/H_2O_2/O_3体系较O_3、H_2O_2/O_3对刚果红(100 mg/L)的脱色率分别平均提高了11.72%、15.32%,COD去除率分别提高了16.37%、24.29%,将陶粒引入O_3、H_2O_2/O_3体系中可减少O_3和H_2O_2的用量,提高体系的氧化性能,降低运行成本。     

负载CuO/MnO海泡石中性条件催化H_2O_2处理铝材切削液废水

以改性海泡石为载体,采用浸渍-共沉淀法负载Cu0、MnO制备了中性条件下催化H_2O_2氧化催化剂(简称中性催化剂)。以铝材切削液废水为处理对象,研究了催化剂在中性条件下的催化性能,通过投加不同浓度的羟基自由基捕捉剂叔丁醇,对反应机理进行了探讨,同时研究了过氧化氢用量、催化剂用量等因素对废水COD去除率的影响。结果表明:在中性条件下,催化剂对铝材切削液废水具有较高的COD去除率,当过氧化氢用量为1.25 mol/L,催化剂用量为25 g/L,室温条件反应120 min时,COD去除率达到88%;经该方法处理后,废水ρ(BOD5)/ρ(COD)由处理前的0.09提升到处理后的0.36,可生化性得到了明显提高。     

N-TiO_2/RGO催化剂的制备及其光催化性能的研究

以三乙胺为氮源,HF为形貌控制剂,采用水热法一步合成了N掺杂(001)面锐钛矿TiO_2纳米片/还原氧化石墨烯(N-Ti O2/RGO)复合催化剂,通过XRD、FTIR、SEM、TEM和Raman对样品的组成结构和形貌进行表征。以罗丹明B(Rh B)为模拟污染物,研究了不同掺N量和氧化石墨烯加入量下制备的复合材料的光催化性能。实验结果表明:当n(N)∶n(Ti)为0.5,氧化石墨烯加入量为15 m L时,N-TiO)2/RGO复合材料的光催化性能最好。在催化剂用量为0.5 g/L,罗丹明B溶液初始浓度为20 mg/L时,紫外光催化反应30 min后,罗丹明B的降解率可达94.02%。     

废SCR脱硝催化剂中钨和钒的浸出实验研究

废SCR脱硝催化剂中钨和钒的浸出是实现其回收的关键.采用碳酸钠混合焙烧-稀硫酸浸出法,对废SCR脱硝催化剂中金属钨和钒的浸出实验进行了研究,考察了焙烧温度t_1(℃)、焙烧时间t_2(h)、硫酸浓度c(v/v)、液固比w、浸出温度t_3(℃)、浸出时间t_4(h)、Na_2CO_3与催化剂的质量比m(Na_2CO_3)/m(催化剂)等因素对钨和钒浸出率的影响.结果表明,在t_1为800℃、t_2为3 h、c为2%、w为8:1、t_3为80℃、t_4为4 h、m(Na2CO3)/m(催化剂)为1.2的反应条件下,废SCR脱硝催化剂中钨和钒的浸出率可分别高达99.08%、98.49%,为后续钨和钒的高效提取与回收提供了有利的条件.     

Combined steam-dry reforming of toluene in syngas over CaNiRu/Al2O3 catalysts

Cracking, steam reforming, dry reforming, and combined steam and dry reforming of toluene in model syngas were performed using catalysts to simulate tar removal produced during biomass gasification. The catalysts were prepared by adding Ru, Ca, and Mn to Ni-based catalysts, and their properties were measured using BET, pulse CO chemisorption, XRD and TG. In steam and dry reforming of toluene, a high toluene conversion was observed with increasing Ca content in the catalyst and catalysts containing Ca showed a higher activity than those containing Mn. In combined steam-dry reforming with syngas, 1%CaNiRu/Al₂O₃ indicated a conversion of 93.9% at 800°C.     

Application of TiO2 nanoparticles for eco-friendly biodiesel production from waste olive oil

An environmentally benign, simple, and efficient process has been developed for biodiesel production from waste olive oil in the presence of a catalytic amount of TiO₂ nanoparticles at 120°C with a conversion of 91.2% within 4 h. The present method affords nontoxic and noncorrosive medium, high yield of biodiesel, clean reaction, and simple experimental and isolation procedures. The catalyst can be recycled by simple filtration and reused without any significant reduction in its activity.     

钙钛矿型催化剂催化燃烧VOCs的抗水蒸气性能研究

用柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法制备了La0.8M0.2CoO(3M=Sr,Ce,Ba,Ca)4种钙钛矿型复合氧化物催化剂。通入相对湿度为70%的甲苯测试表明,相比较于没有水蒸气存在的情况,4种催化剂的催化活性都有所下降。同时还可发现,A位部分取代的离子不同,催化剂的催化活性下降程度不同,即抗水蒸气性能也不同。所制备的四种催化剂的抗水蒸气性能依次为La0.8Sr0.2CoO3>La0.8Ce0.2CoO3≈La0.8Ca0.2CoO3>La0.8Ba0.2CoO3,其ΔT50%分别为12℃、20℃、20℃和50℃左右,说明除La0.8Ba0.2CoO3外,其它3种对水蒸气具有一定的抗中毒性能。XRD、BET和SEM表征结果证实,水蒸气分子与甲苯分子竞争吸附占据催化剂表面部分活性位,使用于催化氧化甲苯的有效活性位相对减少;同时其与活性组分在高温下发生反应生成新物质,在催化剂表面形成一层致密的涂层,堵塞了原来的孔道结构,从而使催化剂比表面积减少而活性下降。     

负载型TiO2在印染废水降解中的失活及原因分析

研究了负载型TiO2光催化剂在印染废水降解中的失活及其产生的原因。实验结果说明，催化剂活性下降的主要原因有：废水中不溶于水的染料等悬浮物和催化反应中产生的无定形碳在催化剂表面的吸附；高含量的无机离子对催化剂活性位的占据或在表面的沉积；长时间的使用和反复冲洗使TiO2负载量减少。通过同时采用灼烧和酸洗的方法可以使TiO2的活性恢复到新催化剂的69．5％。     

Na2SO4中毒SCR催化剂对SO3生成特性的影响

为研究Na₂SO₄中毒SCR催化剂（V₂O₅-WO₃/TiO₂催化剂）对SO₃生成特性的影响,采用湿式浸渍法制备w（Na）为3%的Na₂SO₄中毒SCR催化剂,并通过N₂物理吸附/脱附、XRD（X射线衍射）技术、SEM（扫描电镜）、XPS（X射线光电子能谱）分析技术对催化剂的物理化学特性进行表征.结果表明:①随着反应温度的升高,所有催化剂上的SO₃生成率逐渐增加.当温度升至490℃时,SCR催化剂上的SO₃生成率为0.85%,而3% Na₂SO₄中毒SCR催化剂上的SO₃生成率高达1.36%.SO₄2-的存在导致V-O-S增多,从而促进SO₃的生成.②随入口ρ（SO₂）的增加,SO₃生成率呈下降的趋势.当入口ρ（SO₂）为1 000 mg/m3时,3% Na₂SO₄中毒SCR催化剂上的SO₃生成率为1.02%,而SCR催化剂上仅为0.60%.ρ（SO₂）对SO₃生成率的影响主要依赖于温度和催化剂活性位点数等.③N₂物理吸附/脱附、XRD和SEM表征结果表明,与SCR催化剂相比,Na₂SO₄中毒SCR催化剂表面有Na₂SO₄的积聚,出现了裂纹和大孔隙,催化剂的比表面积和孔容下降,这些变化均不利于催化剂的催化性能;XPS结果表明,Na₂SO₄的加入提高了表面化学吸附氧含量,降低了活性组分中w（V4+）/w（V5+）的值.研究显示,相比于SCR催化剂,Na₂SO₄中毒SCR催化剂上的SO₃生成率大幅增加.