汽油车冷起动排气后处理技术

为满足即将实施密耦催化剂的国家第3阶段排放标准,汽油车排气冷起动问题显得尤为重要。采用如低起燃温度催化剂、密耦催化剂、HC捕集器、二次空气注入和电加热催化剂等在内的排气后处理技术,可以有效地减少污染物尤其是HC的排放。多种处理技术的结合和系统优化能够满足更加严格的排放标准。     

糠醇生产中铜铬废触媒资源化研究

对已有的糠醇生产中产生的废渣回收工艺进行了改进。将糠醛液相加氢生产糠醇产生的废渣于 130℃真空蒸馏回收废渣中的有机混合物 ,经过精馏获得糠醇与糠醛 ;剩余的固体废触媒与纯碱混合 ,经反射炉焙烧、水浸取、掺加石灰除硅、过滤得到铬酸钠水溶液 ;剩下的粗氧化铜经碱溶除铬、溶于硝酸得到硝酸铜溶液 ;将铬酸钠溶液、硝酸铜溶液按一定比例混合 ,加氨水搅拌 ,分离出的沉淀经传统方法焙烧活化、造粒制得新催化剂 ,回用于糠醛液相加氢生产糠醇。有机物、铬组分和铜组分的回收率均在 90 %以上     

Tailoring the simultaneous abatement of methanol and NOx on Sb-Ce-Zr catalysts via copper modification

● Cu addition enhances CH₃OH oxidation and alleviates its inhibitory effect on SCR. ● Cu addition improves the activation of SCR reactants in the presence of methanol. ● Damaged structure by more Cu addition decreases specific surface area and acidity. ● Excessive Cu addition would lead to the narrowing of SCR temperature window. Simultaneously removal of NO_x and VOCs over NH₃-SCR catalysts have attracted lots of attention recently. However, the presence of VOCs would have negative effect on deNO_x efficiency especially at low temperature. In this study, copper modification onto Sb_0.5CeZr₂O_x (SCZ) catalyst were performed to enhance the catalytic performance for simultaneous control of NO_x and methanol. It was obtained that copper addition could improve the low-temperature activity of both NO_x conversion and methanol oxidation, where the optimal catalyst (Cu_0.05SCZ) exhibited a deNO_x activity of 96% and a mineralization rate of 97% at 250 °C, which are around 10% higher than that of Cu free sample. The characterization results showed that copper addition could obviously enhance the redox capacity of the catalysts. As such, the inhibition effect of methanol incomplete oxidation on NO adsorption and NH₃ activation were then lessened and the conversion of surface formamide species were also accelerated, resulting in the rising of NO_x conversion at low temperature. However, excessive copper addition would damage the Sb-Ce-Zr oxides solid solution structure owing to Cu-Ce strong interactions, decreasing the surface area and acidity. Meanwhile, due to easier over-oxidation of NH₃ with more Cu addition, the temperature window for NO_x conversion would become quite narrow. These findings could provide useful guidelines for the synergistic removal of VOCs over SCR catalyst in real application.     

吸附-催化氧化法深度去除采油废水中COD的研究

采用载铜活性炭和废水中溶解氧体系,用催化氧化法深度去除采油废水中的COD.活性炭用质量分数为7.5%的Cu(NO3)2溶液浸渍,在260℃下还原固化,制得催化剂.采用固定床式水处理柱,对混凝沉降处理后COD难以达标的采油废水进行了深度处理研究.pH为7.5±0.5、经曝气处理后的采油废水,在25～35℃条件下与催化体系接触2h,可将45倍于催化剂体积的采油废水中的COD由400mg/L以上降至100mg/L以下.催化剂可以再生.     

Decomposition of mixed plastics consisting of polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate into oils over titania/silica catalysts

The catalytic decomposition of mixed plastics consisting of polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has been investigated over titania/silica catalysts at 698 K. The yield of oil produced was about 70%, and the large amounts of C₁₈₊ hydrocarbons this contained was from the aromatics in PET. Gas was also produced, including C₃–C₅ hydrocarbons. The carbon-number fractions in the oil was influenced by the PET/(PP + PET) ratios and the catalyst weight. The titania/silica catalysts could be used repeatedly, and after they had been fouled, could be regenerated. From the Fourier Transform Infrared (FT–IR) spectroscopic data of adsorbed pyridine on the catalyst surface, most of the acid sites of the titania/silica catalysts were found to be Lewis sites where the hydride abstracted from PP pyrolysates react with PET pyrolysates to form oil and gas. Received: July 19, 2000 / Accepted: October 20, 2000     

Process conditions of preparing methanol from cornstalk gas

The low-heat-value cornstalk gas produced in the down-flow fixed bed gasifier was tentatively used for methanol synthesis. The cornstalk gas was purified and the technical procedures such as deoxygenation, desulfurization, catalytic cracking of tar, purification and hydrogenation were studied. The catalytic experiments of methanol synthesis with cornstalk syngas were carried out in a tubular-flow integral and isothermal reactor. The effect of reaction temperature, pressure, catalysttypes, catalyst particle size, syngas flow at entering end and composition of syngas was investigated. The optimum process conditions and yield of methanol from cornstalk syngas were obtained. The experimental results indicated that the proper catalyst of the synthetic reaction was C301 and the optimum catalyst size (φ) was 0.833 mm×0.351 mm. The optimum operating temperature and pressure were found to be 235℃ and 5 Mpa, respectively. The suitable syngas flow 0.9-1.10 mol/h at entering end was selected and the best composition of syngas were CO 10.49%, CO2 8.8%, N2 37.32%, CnHm 0.95% and H2 40.49%. The best methanol yield is 0.418 g/g cornstalk. The study provided the technical support for the industrial test of methanol production from biomass (cornstalk)gas.     

有机废水催化氧化处理的研究进展

介绍了有机废水的光催化解解处理,常温常压催化氧化处理和高温高压催化氧化处理的研究进展情况。     

贵阳公路周边尘土和土壤铂族元素特征分析

为降低温室效应气体一氧化碳、氮氧化物及碳氢化合物的排放,全球自上世纪80年代末期开始在汽车中引入铂族元素(PGE)催化剂,其释放的Pt、Pd和Rh等元素在城市道路尘土和路边土壤中聚积,对自然环境及人体健康产生危害。本文在贵州省贵阳市的主要交通路段采集了尘土和土壤样品,对样品中的铂族元素进行了同位素稀释-等离子体质谱法测定。结果表明,所有样品的铂族元素均高于未被污染土壤的背景值,而尘土样品中铂族元素含量明显高于土壤样品。其中Pt、Pd和Rh含量明显高于其它铂族元素(Ru和Ir等),并与Ru和Ir呈一定的正相关关系,表明汽车尾气催化剂的主要组成为Pt、Pd和Rh;高含量的Os具有低的~(187)Os/~(188)Os比值,表明Ru、Ir和Os也源于汽车尾气催化剂,可能是以杂质的形式存在于汽车尾气催化剂中。     

Fe改性原位Cu/SSZ-13催化剂柴油车尾气脱硝性能研究

以廉价的铜四乙烯五胺(Cu-TEPA)为模板剂,采用水热法原位合成Cu/SSZ-13分子筛,进一步经过浸渍铁对其改性制备Fe-Cu/SSZ-13催化剂.考察铁盐种类及浸渍铁量对其柴油车尾气脱硝活性及水热稳定性的影响.使用XRD、N_2吸附-脱附、H_2-TPR、NH_3-TPD对样品进行表征测试,并分析影响样品脱硝活性以及水热稳定性的原因.结果表明:浸渍量为1.0%时,以Fe(NO_3)_3为铁盐改性得到的Fe-Cu/SSZ-13分子筛催化剂柴油车尾气脱硝效果最佳,在160～530℃温度范围内,NO的转化率能到达90%以上,并且具有优异的N_2选择性和水热稳定性.由分析结果推测,以Fe(NO_3)_3为铁源时,负载在Cu/SSZ-13分子筛上的铁更为牢固,使其抗老化性能提高,且在脱硝过程中铁物种和铜物种同时起到对NO的还原作用.     

Mesoporous cobalt monoxide-supported platinum nanoparticles: Superior catalysts for the oxidative removal of benzene

Mesoporous Co_3 O_4(meso-Co_3 O_4)-supported Pt(0.53 wt.% Pt/meso-Co304) was synthesized via the KIT-6-templating and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)-assisted reduction routes.Mesoporous CoO(meso-CoO) was fabricated through in situ reduction of meso-Co304 with glycerol,and the 0.18-0.69 wt.% Pt/meso-CoO samples were generated by the PVA-assisted reduction method.Meso-Co_3 O_4 and meso-CoO were of cubic crystal structure and the Pt nanoparticles(NPs) with a uniform size of ca.2 nm were well distributed on the mesoCo_3 O_4 or meso-CoO surface.The 0.56 wt% Pt/meso-CoO(0.56 Pt/meso-CoO) sample performed the best in benzene combustion(T_(50%)=156℃and T_(90%)=186℃at a space velocity of 80,000 mL/(g h)).Introducing water vapor or C02 with a certain concentration led to partial deactivation of 0.56 Pt/meso-CoO and such a deactivation was reversible.We think that the superior catalytic activity of 0.56 Pt/meso-CoO was intimately related to its good oxygen activation and benzene adsorption ability.