全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2480篇 |
免费 | 341篇 |
国内免费 | 1402篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 285篇 |
废物处理 | 18篇 |
环保管理 | 185篇 |
综合类 | 2488篇 |
基础理论 | 436篇 |
污染及防治 | 299篇 |
评价与监测 | 237篇 |
社会与环境 | 146篇 |
灾害及防治 | 129篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 51篇 |
2023年 | 166篇 |
2022年 | 249篇 |
2021年 | 279篇 |
2020年 | 275篇 |
2019年 | 204篇 |
2018年 | 188篇 |
2017年 | 193篇 |
2016年 | 212篇 |
2015年 | 232篇 |
2014年 | 195篇 |
2013年 | 210篇 |
2012年 | 264篇 |
2011年 | 219篇 |
2010年 | 165篇 |
2009年 | 150篇 |
2008年 | 105篇 |
2007年 | 142篇 |
2006年 | 136篇 |
2005年 | 103篇 |
2004年 | 86篇 |
2003年 | 73篇 |
2002年 | 57篇 |
2001年 | 41篇 |
2000年 | 42篇 |
1999年 | 22篇 |
1998年 | 35篇 |
1997年 | 22篇 |
1996年 | 23篇 |
1995年 | 23篇 |
1994年 | 24篇 |
1993年 | 8篇 |
1992年 | 7篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有4223条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
101.
将基于亚硝化的全程自养脱氮(CANON)作用的人工快速渗滤(CRI)装置与反硝化除磷(DPR)型CRI装置耦合为基于同步短程硝化、厌氧氨氧化、反硝化和反硝化除磷(SNADPR)作用的复合式人工快速渗滤(H-CRI)系统,探究了其运行性能及微生物学特征。当H-CRI系统按照内循环潮汐流模式连续运行时,反应装置在水力负荷为0.18 m3·(m2·d)−1的条件下对生活污水中有机物、TN、$ {\rm{N}}{{\rm{H}}_4^ +} $-N和TP的去除率分别可达(94.39±1.32)%、(97.87±0.43)%、(99.00±0.32)%和(95.96±2.79)%。其中,CANON反应与生物蓄磷作用分别是系统脱氮除磷的主要途径,两者去除的氮磷量分别占H-CRI系统脱氮除磷总量的(72.13±6.12)%和(82.29±5.58)%。结合分子生物学实验结果可知,适宜的耦合模式有助于实现H-CRI系统中好氧氨氧化微生物、厌氧氨氧化菌、反硝化菌和聚磷菌群的有效协作,进而可促进SNADPR反应体系在其中形成并强化,实现对生活污水中有机物及氮磷元素的高效同步去除。 相似文献
102.
Reem Hajjar Peter Cronkleton Emily Etue Peter Newton Aaron J.M. Russel Januarti Sinarra Tjajadi Wen Zhou Arun Agrawal 《Conservation biology》2016,30(6):1357-1362
Conservation and development practitioners increasingly promote community forestry as a way to conserve ecosystem services, consolidate resource rights, and reduce poverty. However, outcomes of community forestry have been mixed; many initiatives failed to achieve intended objectives. There is a rich literature on institutional arrangements of community forestry, but there has been little effort to examine the role of socioeconomic, market, and biophysical factors in shaping both land‐cover change dynamics and individual and collective livelihood outcomes. We systematically reviewed the peer‐reviewed literature on community forestry to examine and quantify existing knowledge gaps in the community‐forestry literature relative to these factors. In examining 697 cases of community forest management (CFM), extracted from 267 peer‐reviewed publications, we found 3 key trends that limit understanding of community forestry. First, we found substantial data gaps linking population dynamics, market forces, and biophysical characteristics to both environmental and livelihood outcomes. Second, most studies focused on environmental outcomes, and the majority of studies that assessed socioeconomic outcomes relied on qualitative data, making comparisons across cases difficult. Finally, there was a heavy bias toward studies on South Asian forests, indicating that the literature on community forestry may not be representative of decentralization policies and CFM globally. 相似文献
103.
104.
Ruyuan Jiao Rolando Fabris Christopher W.K. Chow Mary Drikas John van Leeuwen Dongsheng Wang Zhizhen Xu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(7):238-245
Minimizing particles in water is a key goal for improving drinking water quality and safety.The media filtration process,as the last step of the solid–liquid separation process,is largely influenced by the characteristics of flocs,which are formed and controlled within the coagulation process.In a laboratory-based study,the impacts of the physical characteristics of flocs formed using aluminum sulfate on the filtration treatment of two comparative water samples were investigated using a photometric dispersion analyzer and a filterability apparatus.In general,the optimum dosage for maximizing filterability was higher than that for minimizing turbidity under neutral p H conditions.For a monomeric aluminum-based coagulant,the charge neutralization mechanism produced better floc characteristics,including floc growth speed and size,than the sweep flocculation mechanism.In addition,the charge neutralization mechanism showed better performance compared to sweep flocculation in terms of DOC removal and floc filterability improvement for both waters,and showed superiority in turbidity removal only when the raw water had high turbidity.For the different mechanisms,the ways that floc characteristics impacted on floc filterability also differed.The low variation in floc size distribution obtained under the charge neutralization mechanism resulted in the flocs being amenable to removal by filtration processes.For the sweep flocculation mechanism,increasing the floc size improved the settling ability of flocs,resulting in higher filter efficiency. 相似文献
105.
杭州市典型企业废水中挥发性有机物排放特征及其评价 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
以10家杭州市典型企业进出口废水为调查对象,用顶空气相色谱质谱法测定77种挥发性有机物(VOCs),分析其排放特征,并对监测结果进行评价.结果表明,进口废水共定量检出22种VOCs,检出质量浓度范围为7~3.39×106μg·L-1;出口废水共定量检出14种VOCs,检出质量浓度范围为16~6.82×104μg·L-1.就行业而言,香精香料制造企业进出口废水VOCs检出的质量浓度最高.以《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-1996)三级排放标准为评价标准时,1号企业出口废水检出甲苯质量浓度为2.45×103μg·L-1,超过标准限值.以挥发性有机物的水介质排放环境目标值(DMEG WH)为标准时,3号企业出口废水检出的正丁醇、异丙醇、丙酮质量浓度均超过它们各自的水介质排放环境目标值. 相似文献
106.
天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川区气溶胶水溶性离子变化特征及来源分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于2007年4、8和10月这3个时段不同季节的野外考察取样和实验室分析测试,探讨了天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川区气溶胶样品中水溶性离子成分的浓度组成、变化特征及其可能来源.结果表明,气溶胶水溶性离子平均浓度为2.76μg·m-3,化学组成以Ca2+、NO-3和SO2-4为主.Ca2+、SO2-4、NH+4、Na+、Mg2+、Cl-在春、夏、秋这3个季节的变化趋势与总离子浓度的变化趋势一致,均为夏季最高、秋季次之、春季最低,而K+与NO-3却呈现出秋季最高、夏季和春季浓度次之的季节变化特征.分析认为,气溶胶中Ca2+、Na+、Mg2+、K+和Cl-主要可能来自陆源矿物;而NO-3和NH+4则很大程度上以人为源为主.并且发现,SO2-4可能同时受陆地源与人类活动来源的影响. 相似文献
107.
Electrochemical and spectroscopic characteristics of dissolved organic matter in a forest soil profile 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) represents one of the most mobile and reactive organic compounds in ecosystem and plays an important role in the fate and transport of soil organic pollutants, nutrient cycling and more importantly global climate change. Electrochemical methods were first employed to evaluate DOM redox properties, and spectroscopic approaches were utilized to obtain information concerning its composition and structure. DOM was extracted from a forest soil profile with five horizons. Differential pulse voltammetry indicated that there were more redox-active moieties in the DOM from upper horizons than in that from lower horizons. Cyclic voltammetry further showed that these moieties were reversible in electron transfer. Chronoamperometry was employed to quantify the electron transfer capacity of DOM, including electron acceptor capacity and electron donor capacity, both of which decreased sharply with increasing depth. FT-IR, UV-Vis and fluorescence spectra results suggested that DOM from the upper horizons was enriched with aromatic and humic structures while that from the lower horizons was rich in aliphatic carbon, which supported the findings obtained by electrochemical approaches. Electrochemical approaches combined with spectroscopic methods were applied to evaluate the characteristics of DOM extracted along a forest soil profile. The electrochemical properties of DOM, which can be rapidly and simply obtained, provide insight into the migration and transformation of DOM along a soil profile and will aid in better understanding of the biogeochemical role of DOM in natural environments. 相似文献
108.
109.
110.
为了研究青浦城厢地区可吸入颗粒物污染状况,分析了2005年至2010年空气质量资料,结果表明:青浦城厢地区首要污染物为PM10,其质量浓度呈逐年下降趋势。PM10浓度的月度变化幅度比较大,全年PM10浓度及超标率呈现"高一低一高"的变化趋势。春、冬季比较高,夏、秋季比较低。PM10质量浓度的日变化非常明显,呈现出"双峰"状分布。PM2.5和PM10的平均比值为0.531,表明该地区可吸人颗粒物中细颗粒物的比例较高,细颗粒物对人群的健康影响更为严重。PM10和PM2.5各月日均值之间和各月均值之间均呈高度相关,线性关系非常显著,二者之间回归直线关系存在,可用回归方程y=ax+b进行计算。 相似文献