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101.
为了全面揭示电除尘器粉尘非稳态收集过程,建立完整的非稳态静电收尘理论,根据静电学基本原理,研究了极板粉尘层电荷导人、积累、释放的过程,推导出随粉尘层厚度增长而改变的动态收尘电场强度计算公式,进而得到荷电粒子动态驱进速度公式,最终形成静电除尘非稳态收集理论.研究结果表明,在静电收尘过程中,粒子驱进速度与粉尘比电阻、工作电压、粉尘层厚度等多种因素有关;随粉尘比电阻的升高,收尘效率下降,当供电电压为最佳工作电压时收尘效率最高.针对不同比电阻粉尘进行了多项实验研究,实验结果与理论研究结果吻合.非稳态静电收尘理论成功地解释了实际静电收尘过程中与传统静电收尘理论相矛盾的地方,为静电除尘器的设计及其运行参数的选取提供了更为科学的理论基础. 相似文献
102.
煤巷掘进过程中粉尘浓度影响因素分析 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8
王晓珍 《中国安全生产科学技术》2011,7(4):75-79
为了掌握煤巷掘进过程中粉尘浓度变化的影响因素,根据气固两相流理论,针对矿井掘进工作面的特点,采用计算流体力学的离散相模型(DPM)考察了掘进巷道风速、风筒直径、风筒出风口到掘进工作面距离以及风筒的悬挂高度对粉尘浓度变化的影响。结果发现:当掘进巷道风速为0.25-4 m/s时,提高巷道内的通风风速,可以降低巷道内的粉尘浓度,缩短呼吸性粉尘浓度达到稳定的时间,减小工作面粉尘的危害;有利于通风除尘的风筒相关参数为风筒直径0.4-0.6 m、风筒出风口到掘进工作面距离6-7 m、风筒悬挂高度2.0-2.2 m。 相似文献
103.
104.
运用实验研究的方法分析了诱导排烟系统在地下车库中应用的可行性,研究了布置方式、诱导风速等敏感参数对排烟效果的影响,主要分析了火源上游不同位置处温度的变化。结果表明,诱导排烟系统能有效地抑制烟气向上游的逆流并能加强烟气的热对流,降低上游烟气的温度;另外,开启少于均匀布置诱导风机数目下,菱形布置诱导风机下的排烟效果优于均匀排列布置;在实验风速范围内,诱导排烟系统对上游烟气的控制和降温能力随着诱导风速的增加而提高,同时,在火源功率一定的条件下,增大诱导风速对控烟效果的改善存在临界值。 相似文献
105.
Luke Holman 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2009,63(11):1679-1688
The causes and consequences of variation in sperm quality, survival and ageing are active areas of research in ecology and
evolution. In order to address these topics, many recent studies have measured sperm viability using fluorescent staining.
Although sperm viability staining has produced a number of interesting results, it has some potential pitfalls that have rarely
been discussed. In the present paper, I review the major findings of ecology and evolution studies employing sperm viability
staining and outline the method’s principle limitations. The key problem is that the viability assay may itself kill sperm,
which is likely to confound many common experimental designs in addition to producing artificially low estimates of sperm
viability. I further suggest that sperm number should be routinely measured in sperm viability studies, as it may be an important
but overlooked source of spurious results. I provide methodological advice on sperm viability staining aimed at minimising
artefacts and producing robust conclusions, and discuss possible avenues for future research.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
106.
107.
108.
Parental care is a costly part of reproduction. Hence, natural selection should favor males which avoid caring for unrelated
young. However, the decision to abandon or reduce care requires cues which are evaluated to give information on potential
reproductive value of the offspring. The prediction that male sand gobies, Pomatoschistus minutus, care for foreign eggs as long as they were spawned in their own nest and at least some of such cues are fulfilled was tested.
Egg-guarding males that had recently taken part in a spawning event were given a clutch of eggs that was sired either by themselves
or another male, in either their own or another male’s aquarium. Males that had not taken part in a spawning event were used
as controls and were given eggs sired by another male. We measured the amount of filial cannibalism and nest building. Control
group males did not care for eggs and ate them all before rebuilding the nest. In the other treatments, there were no significant
effects of paternity, though males moved to another male’s aquarium increased their clutch area threshold and completely consumed
larger clutches than males that were not moved. There was no intermediate response in any treatment in the form of increased
partial filial cannibalism or less well-constructed nests. Our results suggest that egg-guarding males cannot distinguish
between eggs sired by themselves and those sired by other males but are able to react to cues indicating paternity state.
Males do not adopt eggs to attract females in P. minutus. 相似文献
109.
Geir Rudolfsen Rudolf Müller Davnah Urbach Claus Wedekind 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2008,62(4):561-567
The mating behavior and reproductive strategies of Alpine whitefish like Coregonus zugensis (Nüsslin) are poorly understood, probably because they spawn in deep water where direct observations are difficult. In this
study, we interpret life-history and sperm quality traits of fish that we caught from their spawning place. We found that
males invest heavily into gonadal tissue (up to 5.6% of their body weight), which is, in comparison to other fish, consistent
with external fertilization, distinct pairing and moderate to high communal spawning, or no pairing and low to moderate communal
spawning. Sperm competition theory and recent experimental studies on other salmonids predict that males optimize ejaculate
characteristics in relation to the costs of sperm and the level of competition they have to expect: dominant males are predicted
to invest less into ejaculate quality and to have slower spermatozoa than subdominant males. We found that spermatozoa of
older males are slower than those of younger males. Moreover, older males have larger breeding tubercles, a secondary sexual
trait that has, in some previous studies, been found to be linked to good condition and to good genetic quality. Our results
suggest that C. zugensis has age-linked reproductive strategies, that multimale spawning is common, i.e., that sperm competition plays a significant
role, and that older males are on average dominant over younger males at the spawning place. 相似文献
110.
The present paper describes an effort for developing the total maximum daily load (TMDL) for phosphorus and a load reduction
strategy for the Feitsui Reservoir in Northern Taiwan. BASINS model was employed to estimate watershed pollutant loads from
nonpoint sources (NPS) in the Feitsui Reservoir watershed. The BASINS model was calibrated using field data collected during
a 2-year sampling period and then used to compute watershed pollutant loadings into the Feitsui Reservoir. The simulated results
indicate that the average annual total phosphorus (TP) loading into the reservoir is 18,910 kg/year, which consists of non-point
source loading of 16,003 kg/year, and point source loading of 2,907 kg/year. The Vollenweider mass balance model was used
next to determine the degree of eutrophication under current pollutant loading and the load reduction needed to keep the reservoir
from being eutrophic. It was estimated that Feitsui Reservoir can becoming of the oligotrophic state if the average annual
TP loading is reduced by 37% or more. The results provide the basis on which an integrated control action plan for both point
and nonpoint sources of pollution in the watershed can be developed. 相似文献