淀粉显色分光光度法测定土壤中的碘

本文介绍了测定土壤中碘的淀粉显色分光光度法。该法操作简便、快速、准确、容易掌握。平均回收率为100.5％,标准偏差为0.3mg kg~(-1),变异系数为4.8％(n=5)。     

Evaluation of the Biodegradation of Starch and Cellulose Under Controlled Composting Conditions

In order to verify the response of the controlled composting test method (i.e., the ISO/DIS 14855:1997, the ASTM D 5338-92, or the CEN counterpart) to starch at different concentrations, the maximum amount prescribed by the test method (100 g) and lower amounts (60 and 30 g), as if starch were a coingredient in a blend, were tested. After 44 days of incubation (at a constant temperature of 58°C) the biodegradation curves were in a plateau phase, displaying the following final values (referred to a nominal starch initial amount of 100 g): starch 100 g, 97.5%; starch 60 g, 63.7%; and starch 30 g, 32.5%. The data show a CO₂ evolution roughly equal, in each case, to the theoretical maximum, indicating a complete starch mineralization. We cannot discern whether the deviations found at lower concentrations are caused by a priming effect. In any case, the extent of the deviations is not high and is acceptable in biodegradation studies. The average biodegradation of cellulose, obtained gathering four independent experiments with 11 biodegradation curves, turned out to be 96.8 ± 6.7% (SD) after 47 ± 1 days. The data indicate that the controlled composting is a reliable test method also for starch and cellulose and, consequently, for starch-based and cellulose-based materials.     

Biodegradation of starch-poly(β-hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate) composites in municipal activated sludge

Injection-molded composites were prepared by blending PHBV⁵ with native cornstarch (30% and 50%) and with cornstarch precoated with PEO as a binding agent. These composites were evaluated for their biodegradability in municipal activated sludge by measuring changes in their physical and chemical properties over a period of 35 days. All composites lost weight, ranging from 45 to 78% within 35 days. Interestingly, the extent and rate of weight loss were quite similar in PHBV composites with no starch, with 30% starch, and with 50% starch. Weight loss was slowest in PHBV blends prepared with PEO-coated starch. For all samples, the weight loss was accompanied by a rapid deterioration in tensile strength and percentage elongation. The deterioration of these mechanical properties exhibited a relative rate of PHBV>starch-PHBV>PEO-coated starch-PHBV. Changes in starch/PHBV composition after biodegradation were quantified by FTIR spectroscopy. Increasing the starch content resulted in more extensive starch degradation, while the PHBV content in the blends became less susceptible to hydrolytic enzymes.The mention of firms names or trade products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the U.S. Department of Agriculture over firms or similar products not mentioned. All programs and services of the U.S. Department of Agriculture are offered on a nondiscriminatory basis without regard to race, color, national origin, religion, sex, marital status, or handicap.     

淀粉—丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物的合成及其污水絮凝实验研究

研究了在高锰酸钾 /草酸引发体系下 ,淀粉与丙烯酰胺的接枝共聚合反应 ,并将该接枝共聚物作为絮凝剂用于城市污水、造纸污水等的絮凝实验中 ,实验结果表明 ,其 CODCr去除率均略高于聚丙烯酰胺 (3 0 0万 )产品     

应用淀粉工业废水生产单细胞蛋白质的优良菌种选育研究

淀粉工业废水中含有丰富的有机物质，可以做为生产单细胞蛋白质的原料来源．但是，不同种微生物对淀粉工业废水中的物质利用能力不同、净化废水能力不同、菌体蛋白收率也不同．因此菌种选择是应用淀粉工业废水生产单细胞蛋白质的关键．本研究为试验室内用淀粉生产废水培养单细胞蛋白质的优良菌种的初试选择研究．试验结果认定ＧｅｏｔｒｉｃｈｕｍＬｉｎｋ为选用菌株．     

升流式厌氧污泥床反应器工程启动研究

论述生产性 UASB反应器 ,在中温条件下处理玉米淀粉废水的启动过程 ,讨论了运行和颗粒污泥形成过程及影响因素 ;反应器稳定运行时 ,进水 COD在 60 0 0～ 80 0 0 mg/L ,容积负荷可达 6～ 10 kg COD/( m3· d) ,出水 COD降至 2 0 0～ 45 0 mg/L。     

淀粉废水处理方法综述

由于淀粉加工企业分布广且废水COD浓度高,淀粉废水处理方法的研究越来越受到重视。就目前国内外淀粉废水的各种处理方法和工艺进行综述,重点介绍了淀粉废水处理方面的最新研究成果,并介绍了废水资源化的一些途径。     

改性淀粉絮凝剂的性能研究

介绍了合成淀粉接枝丙烯酰胺淀粉改性高分子絮凝剂,考察了淀粉单体浓度、引发剂浓度、投料顺序对絮凝效果的影响,并将其处理模拟废水,考察了其絮凝性能。实验结果表明:引发剂浓度为3.0×10-3mol/L,淀粉用量为5g/200(mL.溶液),先加入引发剂后加入单体有利于接枝共聚。     

Corrosion and stability study of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki starch industry wastewater-derived biopesticide formulation

Biopesticides are usually sprayed on forests by using planes made up of aluminum alloy. Bioval derived from starch industry wastewater (SIW) in suspension form was developed as stable anticorrosive biopesticide formulation. In this context, various anticorrosion agents such as activated charcoal, glycerin, ethylene glycol, phytic acid, castor oil and potassium silicate were tested as anticorrosive agents. There was no corrosion found in Bioval formulation where potassium silicate (0.5% w/v) was added and compared with Foray 76 B, as an industrial standard, when stored over 6 months. In relation to other parameters, the anticorrosion formulation of Bioval+buffer+KSi reported excellent zeta potential (?33.19 ± 4 mV) and the viscosity (319.13 ± 32 mPa.s) proving it's stability over 6 months, compared to the standard biopesticide Foray 76 B (?36.62 ± 4 mV potential zeta, pH 4.14 ± 0.1 and 206 ± 21 mPa.s viscosity). Metal analysis of the different biopesticides showed that Bioval+buffer+KSi has no corrosion (5.11 ± 0.5 mg kg^?1 of Al and 13.53 ± 1.5 mg kg^?1 of Fe) on the aluminum alloy due to the contribution of sodium acetate buffer at pH 5. The bioassays reported excellent results for Bioval+Buffer+KSi (2.95 ± 0.3 × 10⁹ CFU mL^?1 spores and 26.6 ± 2.7 × 10⁹ IU L^?1 Tx) compared with initial Bioval (2.46 ± 0.3 × 10⁹ CFU mL^?1 spores and 23.09 ± 3 × 10⁹ IU L^?1 Tx) and Foray 76 B (2.3 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ CFU mL^?1 spores and 19.950 ± 2.1 UI L^?1 Tx) which was due to the break-up of the external chitinous membrane due to abrasive action of potassium silicate after ingestion by insects. The contribution of sodium acetate buffer and potassium silicate (0.5% and at pH = 5) as anticorrosion agent in the Bioval allowed production of an efficient biopesticide with a reduced viscosity and favorable pH as compared to Foray 76 B which enhanced the entomotoxic potential against spruce budworm (SB) larvae (Lepidoptera: Choristoneura fumiferana).     

厌氧折流板反应器处理淀粉废水及污泥特性

对厌氧折流板(ABR)反应器处理高浓度淀粉加工废水的效果及污泥特性进行了研究,在中温[(35±0.5)℃]、进水COD负荷为12～18kg/(m~3·d)、水力停留时间(HRT)=12～24h时,COD的去除率可达72％～96％。研究表明:不同条件下反应器不同隔室中的挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)及pH的变化呈现出显著的相分离及移动的特征,反应器中形成污泥指数(SVI)为18～25mL/g、平均粒径为2～3mm(大者达4～5mm)、性能良好的颗粒污泥,且其特性随不同隔室而呈现出相应的变化规律。