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41.
劳动河水质的模糊综合评价及分析 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
利用劳动河8个点位的水质监测数据,以地面水环境质量为标准,运用模糊数学方法,分析劳动河各点位污染状况,综合评价劳动河水质污染程度,确定主要污染点位及主要污染因子,为劳动河污染控制提供科学依据。 相似文献
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Animal colour signals serve important functions in intraspecific interactions, including species recognition, mate choice and agonistic behaviour. An increasing interest concerns ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths, for instance studies on the effect of UV in mating decisions. More recently, some studies also established that UV signals affect intrasexual interactions. We studied the role of UV during aggressive encounters between male three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus), a species in which UV has an effect on female and male mate choice and shoaling behaviour. To that aim, we compared the aggressive response of a territorial male to male intruders, either seen in UV-including (UV+) or UV-lacking (UV-) conditions. Our prediction was that, if UV wavelengths are used in male-male competition, a territorial male should show less competitive behaviour towards an intruder representing a lower threat, i.e. the one presented without UV light. Male sticklebacks showed significantly lower levels of aggression towards male opponents lacking an UV component to their coloration than male opponents possessing this colour component. Discrimination was not influenced by a difference in brightness between the UV+ and UV- stimuli. Finally, we present some reflectance-spectrophotometrical data of two skin regions (cheek and abdomen) of the experimental males and analysed relationships between colorimetric variables, body variables and behaviour. Our study emphasises that UV visual cues are of importance in different communicational tasks in the three-spined stickleback. 相似文献
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Due to their high phenotypic plasticity, the expression of secondary sexual characteristics is particularly sensitive to stress.
Here, we investigated the expression of two conspicuous visual signals in great tits (Parus major) in a metal pollution gradient. In three study sites with marked differences in metal contamination (mainly lead, cadmium,
copper and zinc), we compared melanin and carotenoid colouration of great tits. While carotenoid colouration (yellow breast)
was negatively related to metal pollution, the size of a melanin trait (breast stripe) was larger in the most polluted sites.
Environmental pollutants not only affect the expression of conspicuous signals but may even enhance, directly or indirectly,
a signal of male quality such as breast stripe. Our results also support the multiple messages hypothesis predicting that
different signals highlight different aspects of geno- and phenotypic condition of the bearer. 相似文献
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黑龙江省的水环境问题十分突出,水资源短缺与水质污染现象仍然普遍存在。本文重点关注了废水量以及特征污染物化学需氧量和氨氮的排放情况,从全省、区域、行业等多角度展开研究,确定黑龙江省水环境中特征污染物的排放现状。 相似文献
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A new benthic index, named Daphne, is proposed for the Northern Adriatic coastal area, near the Po river delta. It is based on six characteristics of the community that do not require in-depth taxonomic expertise: number of mollusc species, % of bivalves, % of polychaetes, abundance of the opportunistic species Corbula gibba, % of amphipods and number of ‘typical mollusc species’ that are individuated by multivariate analysis. The application of the index in selected stations along a gradient of decreasing disturbance shows that it is simple to use in regular monitoring campaigns and that the results are consistent with environmental quality data in the special conditions of this area subjected to considerable river runoff. The index can be used in addition and as a complement to more widespread indices (such as M-AMBI); a comparison of the two indices performance is discussed. 相似文献