无人直升机主桨毂中央件疲劳试验加载技术研究

首先基于2种不同旋翼构型无人直升机主桨毂中央件的结构形式和承载特点,介绍了现代无人直升机中央件疲劳试验加载技术及调试方法。随后对比分析了中央件疲劳试验中2种不同的离心力加载形式,给试验载荷(包括相位、位移和精度等)、试验频率及试验运行状态等方面带来的影响。最后,针对上述分析结果提出解决办法,为优化试验方案,提高试验加载精度,提升试验效率,保障中央件在地面疲劳试验中合理承载、传载及准确评估其结构疲劳寿命等提供了可靠的试验技术支撑,同时也为今后类似结构的主桨毂中央件地面疲劳试验技术发展提供了极有价值的参考和借鉴。     

某大型复杂结构地震响应与控制研究

针对某大型复杂结构的地震响应及控制策略进行了研究.首先,建立该结构的整体有限元模型,采用Ritz向量法对结构进行模态分析,研究该复杂结构的振动特性,基于位能加权平均法求解了该复杂结构等效阻尼比;随后,研究了不同布置型式下粘滞消能支撑的受力特点和计算模型;最后,对该结构进行减振设计,分析了不同消能支撑布置形式下的减振效果...     

基于计算机控制实现原油自动计量

介绍了原油自动计量系统的构成、硬件配置、应用软件和应用效果。     

农药西维因及敌草隆在草木灰上的吸附行为研究

测定分析了草木灰的孔隙结构、表面性质及化学组成,选择理化参数接近,空间构型不同的2种农药西维因和敌草隆作为吸附质,研究其在草木灰上吸附行为,结果表明两者在草木灰上吸附模式理截然不同,线性吸附方程及准一级动力学方程能够拟合平面型分子西维因的吸附等温线及动力学曲线,Freundlich吸附等温式及二级动力学方程吸附对非平面型分子敌草隆的等温线及动力学曲线拟合程度最高,说明平面型分子的吸附可能以简单的线性分配为主,而非平面型分子可能以多过程非线性吸附为主;等温线及动力学拟合参数显示,草木灰对平面型分子西维因的吸附量远大于非平面型分子敌草隆,说明吸附质分子的空间位阻效应是影响吸附的重要因素.     

废轮胎流化床热解半焦结构特性

以流化床反应器为主体对废轮胎热解半焦微观结构特性进行了研究.主要研究了热解温度、床料粒径、流化数等参数对热解半焦的比表面积、孔隙率、孔体积的影响.结果表明:半焦比表面积和孔隙率随温度变化过程中会在650℃或750℃出现一峰值,这表明对半焦品质而言,轮胎存在最佳的热解温度,采用较小粒径(0.135～0.304mm)床料时有使最佳热解温度下降的趋势;半焦孔隙率随流化数增加而减小;半焦比表面积随流化数的变化趋势与热解温度有关,550℃时流化数增加半焦比表面积减小,650℃时流化数增加半焦比表面积增大;半焦孔体积随温度的变化趋势与床料粒径有关,采用较大粒径(0.304～0.4mm)床料时,半焦孔体积随温度升高呈现先降后升的趋势,而采用较小粒径(0.135～0.304mm)床料时,半焦孔体积随温度升高呈现下降的趋势.     

跌落/撞击载荷下装药结构的安全性评估方法

目的 提出装药结构在跌落/撞击事故条件下安全性的定量评估方法.方法 针对装药结构跌落/撞击条件下含能部件非冲击点火存在的不确定性大、缺乏可供工程应用的点火判据等问题,采用基于数理统计思想的定量评估思路,建立"3类试验+1种方法"的安全性评估体系,并提出试验设计、方法选取和评估实施的方法及要求,可供工程应用.结果 采用该方法,开展了某装药结构跌落安全性的定量评估,通过标准试验探索获得了特定约束下的起爆阈值范围,通过设计并开展多发能包络整体级响应的构型试验,获得的实验数据可作为评估的样本数据.采用单侧置信下限方法进行了定量评估,获得了安全度为0.99999(置信度0.9)的定量评估结果.结论 该方法可实现对武器装备、航天发动机跌落/撞击条件下安全性的定量评估,但该方法仅适用于装药结构具有足够安全裕度的情况.     

大射电望远镜一平方公里阵(SKA)贵州选址的一种构形

大射电望远镜一平方公里阵(SKA)贵州选址分两种构形:小N大D型和大N小D型。采用遗传算法对第一种构形布局,得小N大D型构形共有60个台址组成,分别分布在核心区(R<0.75 km)和发自核心区边缘的5 条对数螺旋线上,其中核心区(R<0.75 km)台址10个,中央区(0.75 km相似文献   

Design unbiased estimation in line intersect sampling using segmented transects

In many applications of line intersect sampling, transects consist of multiple, connected segments in a prescribed configuration. The relationship between the transect configuration and the selection probability of a population element is illustrated and a consistent sampling protocol, applicable to populations composed of arbitrarily shaped elements, is proposed. It is shown that this protocol obviates the arbitrary practice of treating multiple intersections of a single particle as independent probabilistic events and preserves the design-unbiasedness of Kaisers (1983, Biometrics 39, 965–976) conditional and unconditional estimators, suitably generalized to segmented transect designs. The relative efficiency and utility of segmented transect designs are also discussed from a fixed population perspective.     

药用蕈菌姬松茸液体培养的菌丝形态学特征

在液体分批培养体系中,研究了药用蕈菌姬松茸Agaricus blazei悬浮菌丝物的形态多样性及其生长特征.A.blazei菌丝物形态由初始的"分枝菌丝物"(Ⅰa与Ⅰb)演变成"絮簇菌丝物"(Ⅱa与Ⅱb),进而成为 "颗粒菌丝物"(Ⅲa与Ⅲb).对于以上空间构象,作者提出了"菌丝自由度"概念.它从菌丝物立体结构上,描述了菌丝物内菌丝处在不同疏松度微环境中的空间特征,可表示为F=V/M=∑Ni=1(ΔV)i/∑Ni=1(ρ*ΔV)i=N/(ρ1+……+ρN),培养试验中,分别比较了2 d、5 d与8 d的摇瓶种液菌龄,以及氮源辅助基质D1 为50 g L-1与100 g L-1时对悬浮菌丝物生长的影响;同时,还比较了ALR/ff反应器结构的特征参数 "回流区高度比值h/H" (内导流筒高度h与液面高度H之比)改变时A.blazei的生长情况.结果表明,絮状(Ⅱa、Ⅱb)菌丝物具有较高的生长能力,良好的生长过程与生长单元具有较高F值有关. 图9 参18     

A virtual test system representing the distribution of pedestrian impact configurations for future vehicle front-end optimization

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to define a computationally efficient virtual test system (VTS) to assess the aggressivity of vehicle front-end designs to pedestrians considering the distribution of pedestrian impact configurations for future vehicle front-end optimization. The VTS should represent real-world impact configurations in terms of the distribution of vehicle impact speeds, pedestrian walking speeds, pedestrian gait, and pedestrian height. The distribution of injuries as a function of body region, vehicle impact speed, and pedestrian size produced using this VTS should match the distribution of injuries observed in the accident data. The VTS should have the predictive ability to distinguish the aggressivity of different vehicle front-end designs to pedestrians.

Methods: The proposed VTS includes 2 parts: a simulation test sample (STS) and an injury weighting system (IWS). The STS was defined based on MADYMO multibody vehicle to pedestrian impact simulations accounting for the range of vehicle impact speeds, pedestrian heights, pedestrian gait, and walking speed to represent real world impact configurations using the Pedestrian Crash Data Study (PCDS) and anthropometric data. In total 1,300 impact configurations were accounted for in the STS. Three vehicle shapes were then tested using the STS. The IWS was developed to weight the predicted injuries in the STS using the estimated proportion of each impact configuration in the PCDS accident data. A weighted injury number (WIN) was defined as the resulting output of the VTS. The WIN is the weighted number of average Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) 2+ injuries recorded per impact simulation in the STS. Then the predictive capability of the VTS was evaluated by comparing the distributions of AIS 2+ injuries to different pedestrian body regions and heights, as well as vehicle types and impact speeds, with that from the PCDS database. Further, a parametric analysis was performed with the VTS to assess the sensitivity of the injury predictions to changes in vehicle shape (type) and stiffness to establish the potential for using the VTS for future vehicle front-end optimization.

Results: An STS of 1,300 multibody simulations and an IWS based on the distribution of impact speed, pedestrian height, gait stance, and walking speed is broadly capable of predicting the distribution of pedestrian injuries observed in the PCDS database when the same vehicle type distribution as the accident data is employed. The sensitivity study shows significant variations in the WIN when either vehicle type or stiffness is altered.

Conclusions: Injury predictions derived from the VTS give a good representation of the distribution of injuries observed in the PCDS and distinguishing ability on the aggressivity of vehicle front-end designs to pedestrians. The VTS can be considered as an effective approach for assessing pedestrian safety performance of vehicle front-end designs at the generalized level. However, the absolute injury number is substantially underpredicted by the VTS, and this needs further development.