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61.
62.
Yun H. Wu Tsung M. Wu Chwan Y. Hong 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(11):856-863
Vinclozolin, a dicarboximide fungicide, is an endocrine disrupting chemical that competes with an androgenic endocrine disruptor compound. Most research has focused on the epigenetic effect of vinclozolin in humans. In terms of ecotoxicology, understanding the effect of vinclozolin on non-target organisms is important. The expression profile of a comprehensive set of genes in the amphipod Hyalella azteca exposed to vinclozolin was examined. The expressed sequence tags in low-dose vinclozolin-treated and -untreated amphipods were isolated and identified by suppression subtractive hybridization. DNA dot blotting was used to confirm the results and establish a subtracted cDNA library for comparing all differentially expressed sequences with and without vinclozolin treatment. In total, 494 differentially expressed genes, including hemocyanin, heatshock protein, cytochrome, cytochrome oxidase and NADH dehydrogenase were detected. Hemocyanin was the most abundant gene. DNA dot blotting revealed 55 genes with significant differential expression. These genes included larval serum protein 1 alpha, E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase, mitochondrial protein, proteasome inhibitor, hemocyanin, zinc-finger–containing protein, mitochondrial NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase and epididymal sperm-binding protein. Vinclozolin appears to upregulate stress-related genes and hemocyanin, related to immunity. Moreover, vinclozolin downregulated NADH dehydrogenase, related to respiration. Thus, even a non-lethal concentration of vinclozolin still has an effect at the genetic level in H. azteca and presents a potential risk, especially as it would affect non-target organism hormone metabolism. 相似文献
63.
Jose A. Manzanilla-Cano Manuel H. Barcelo-Quintal Tania I. Coral-Martinez 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(7):546-552
Photochemical degradation of methylparathion (O,O,-dimethyl O-4 nitrophenylphosphorothioate) in the presence of humic acid between pH 2 and 7 was monitored by differential pulse polarography. Humic acid was not electro-active under the experimental conditions used in this study. Only the pesticide and its main degradation product at pH 2 exhibited polarographic signals. Photolysis of methylparathion in acid media was sensitized by humic acid since the pesticide did not degrade in the absence of this compound. Methylparathion degradation in the presence of humic acid was observed at each of the studied pHs. The reaction was first-order with rate constant values ranging from 2 × 10?3 to 6.3 × 10?3 min?1. 相似文献
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65.
Optimal nonpoint source pollution control strategies for a reservoir watershed in Taiwan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The purpose of this study is to develop a model for optimal nonpoint source pollution control for the Fei-Tsui Reservoir watershed in Northern Taiwan. Several structural best management practices (BMPs) are selected to treat stormwater runoff. The complete model consists of two interacting components: an optimization model based on discrete differential dynamic programming (DDDP) and a zero-dimensional reservoir water quality model. A predefined procedure is used to locate suitable sites for construction of various selected BMPs in the watershed. In the optimization model, the objective function is to find the best combination of BMP type and placement, which minimizes the total construction and operation, maintenance, and repair (OMR) costs of the BMPs. The constraints are the water quality standards for total phosphorus (TP) and total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations in the reservoir. A zero-dimensional reservoir water quality model of the Vollenweider type is embedded in the optimization framework to simulate pollutant concentrations in Fei-Tsui Reservoir. The resulting optimal cost and benefit of water quality improvement are depicted by the model-derived trade-off curves. The modeling framework developed in the present study could be used as an efficient tool for planning a watershed-wide implementation of BMPs for mitigating stormwater pollution impact on the receiving water bodies. 相似文献
66.
Munjong Kolss Thomas S. Hoffmeister Lia Hemerik 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2006,61(2):291-304
A female parasitoid searching for hosts in a patch experiences a diminishing encounter rate with unparasitized and thus suitable hosts. To use the available time most efficiently, it constantly has to decide whether to stay in the patch and continue to search for hosts or to search for and travel to another patch in the habitat. Several informational cues can be used to optimize the searching success. Theoretically, encounters with unparasitized hosts should lead to a prolonged search in a given patch if hosts are distributed contagiously. The results of empirical studies strongly support this hypothesis. However, it has, to date, not been investigated theoretically whether encounters with already parasitized hosts (which usually entail time costs) provide a parasitoid with valuable information for the optimization of its search in depletable patches, although the empirical studies concerning this question so far have produced ambiguous results. Building on recent advances in Bayesian foraging strategies, we approached this problem by modeling a priori searching strategies (which differ in the amount of information considered) and then testing them in computer simulations. By comparing the strategies, we were able to determine whether and how encounters with already parasitized hosts can yield information that can be used to enhance a parasitoid’s searching success.
相似文献
Munjong KolssEmail: Phone: +41-26-3008856Fax: +41-26-3009698 |
67.
Mohammad Torabi Fereidoun Mobasheri 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1973,9(6):1089-1099
ABSTRACT: The main objective of this paper is to present a stockastic dynamic programming model useful in determining the optimal operating policy of a single multipurpose surface reservoir. It is the unreliability of forecasting the amount of future streamflow which makes the problem of a reservoir operation a stochastic process. In this paper the stochastic nature of the streamflow is taken into account by considering the correlation between the streamflows of each pair of consecutive time intervals. This interdependence is used to calculate the probability of transition from a given state and stage to its succeeding ones. A dynamic programming model with a physical equation and a stochastic recursive equation is developed to find the optimum operational policy. For illustrative purposes, the model is applied to a real surface water reservoir system. 相似文献
68.
ABSTRACT. We present a new approach to the nonlinear equations for the phreatic surface of groundwater flow from or into a reservoir. The differential equation is converted into an equivalent integral equation, which is then solved by a method of iteration. We obtain exact results for both drawdown and infiltration, including the special case of groundwater penetration into dry soil. 相似文献
69.
70.
沙尘暴对暴露儿童健康效应的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了研究沙尘暴对儿童可能造成的急性危害,以沙尘暴源区——甘肃省武威市的某2所小学3~5年级的1040名学生(年龄8~14岁)为研究对象,在2004年和2005年的3~5月沙尘暴频发期间进行健康状况问卷调查,共调查4场沙尘暴事件,所调查的症状有咳嗽、咯痰、气短、肺部喘鸣、胸部憋闷、咽干口苦、眼睛干涩、流泪、流涕、打喷嚏、心情压抑等11种常见的症状.结果表明,沙尘暴发生当天(滞后0d)儿童各种所查症状发生的相对危险度(RR)均有不同程度地升高,沙尘暴过后(滞后1~5d),儿童各种症状的RR逐渐降低,沙尘暴过后4d(滞后4d),几乎所有症状均恢复正常.暴露儿童在沙尘暴发生当天,除肺部喘鸣和胸部憋闷发生的RR升高不显著外(p>0.05),其他所查症状发生的RR均有显著性升高(p<0.05,p<0.01,p<0.001).沙尘暴过后虽然各种症状RR均有所下降,但下降速度不同:在滞后1~2d,气短、眼睛干涩、流泪和心情压抑等4种症状RR仍显著高于沙尘暴前,直到滞后3d才恢复到正常水平;而咳嗽、咯痰、咽干口苦和打喷嚏等4种症状RR在滞后4d才恢复正常;流涕症状RR在滞后5d才基本恢复正常.不同年度和不同时期的沙尘暴事件对儿童健康症状的影响有所不同.从以上结果可以看出:沙尘暴对儿童的健康既有当日急性效应又有一定的短期滞后效应. 相似文献