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42.
本研究运用最小相关系数法(MRS),使用元素碳(EC)作为示踪物,得到一次排放的质量吸光效率(MAEp),结合黑碳仪(AE33)和有机碳/元素碳分析仪获得实测的质量吸光效率MAEt,进而通过MAEt/MAEp的比值得出吸光增强系数(Eabs).采样站点位于广州市城区暨南大学大气超级监测站,采样时间涵盖了干季(2019年1月26日~3月31日)和湿季(2018年5月1日~7月31日).对广州市城区的黑碳气溶胶及其光学特征进行分析,EC在干季的平均浓度(1.93±1.38)μgC/m3高于湿季(1.46±0.75)μgC/m3,而Eabs520在干季的均值(1.26±0.34)低于湿季(1.63±0.55).Eabs520在干湿季的日变化差异明显,但有机碳(OC)、EC、OC/EC、波长指数(AAE470-660)均为干季高于湿季.分析发现气溶胶负载补偿参数k值与Eabs520在湿季呈现出较好的相关性,而在干季相关性较差,可能与生物质燃烧的影响有关;探讨了O3、NO2和SOC/OC对Eabs520的影响,在干季O3与Eabs520的相关性较差(R2=0.21),在湿季较好(R2=0.46),SOC/OC却展现出了相反的关系,而NO2在干季和湿季与Eabs520的相关性都较差(R2=0.01),并发现温度对Eabs520存在一定的影响.通过后向轨迹聚类分析发现,长距离传输气团的的黑碳Eabs520值较高. 相似文献
43.
马小敏 《中国安全生产科学技术》2019,15(7):57-61
针对超长工作面抽采时间不均衡导致抽采达标时间长的问题,提出了工作面分区增透高效抽采技术,运用分组试验和理论分析的方法,研究了不同布孔工艺参数条件下CO2相变致裂对低透煤层瓦斯抽采的增透作用规律,并在试验工作面进行了工业应用。研究结果表明:CO2相变致裂技术对低透煤层增透促抽效果良好,与未致裂抽采相比,采用间距20,10,5 m致裂孔致裂条件下进行抽采时煤层透气性系数分别提高1.8,2.6,5.8倍,平均抽采体积分数分别提高1.9,3.5,4.2倍,平均抽采纯量分别提高2.4,4.2,6.2倍。试验工作面应用分区增透高效抽采技术后,整个工作面形成后仅需抽采87 d即可达标进行回采,显著缩短了抽采周期,对高瓦斯低透煤层缓解采掘接替紧张及提高瓦斯抽采效率具有重要借鉴意义。 相似文献
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45.
Qian Zhao Hongjun Han Baolin Hou Haifeng Zhuang Shengyong Ji Fang Fang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(11):2231-2239
A system combining granular activated carbon and powdered activated carbon technologies along with shortcut biological nitrogen removal (GAC-PACT-SBNR) was developed to enhance total nitrogen (TN) removal for anaerobically treated coal gasification wastewater with less need for external carbon resources. The TN removal efficiency in SBNR was significantly improved by introducing the effluent from the GAC process into SBNR during the anoxic stage, with removal percentage increasing from 43.8%49.6% to 68.8%-75.8%. However, the TN removal rate decreased with the progressive deterioration of GAC adsorption. After adding activated sludge to the GAG compartment, the granular carbon had a longer service-life and the demand for external carbon resources became lower. Eventually, the TN removal rate in SBNR was almost constant at approx. 43.3%, as compared to approx. 20.0% before seeding with sludge. In addition, the production of some alkalinity during the denitrification resulted in a net savings in alkalinity requirements for the nitrification reaction and refractory chemical oxygen demand (COD) degradation by autotrophic bacteria in SBNR under oxic conditions. PACT showed excellent resilience to increasing organic loadings. The microbial community analysis revealed that the PACT had a greater variety of bacterial taxons and the dominant species associated with the three compartments were in good agreement with the removal of typical pollutants. The study demonstrated that pre-adsorption by the GAC-sludge process could be a technically and economically feasible method to enhance TN removal in coal gasification wastewater (CGW). 相似文献
46.
采用批平衡试验法,研究了新型螯合型表面活性剂N-十二酰基乙二胺三乙酸钠(N-LED3A)增溶菲的性能,并探讨了其增溶热力学和动力学特征.结果表明:N-LED3A可有效增溶菲,菲的表观溶解度S*w及其在表面活性剂单体和胶束相的分配系数Kmn和Kmc均随温度升高而增大;N-LED3A的临界胶束浓度(CMC)随温度的升高(15、25、35、45℃)呈现先减小后增大的趋势;菲在N-LED3A单体/水、胶束/水的表观摩尔分配焓变ΔH*mm、ΔH*mc分别为18.30、13.12 kJ·mol-1,菲在水、N-LED3A单体和胶束中的表观摩尔溶解热分别为18.87、37.17和31.99 kJ·mol-1,均为吸热过程,故温度升高有利于菲在N-LED3A单体和胶束中的分配作用,菲在水、N-LED3A单体和胶束中的溶解量随温度升高而增大。动力学方程拟合结果表明,一级动力学方程最适合描述N-LED3A对菲的增溶过程. 相似文献
47.
Lawrence C. Nkemdirim 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1981,17(5):753-759
An experiment on urban effects of warm season rainfall of a moderately sized city and its downwind towns found no evidence of global enhancement. However, there are grounds for believing that the intra urban distribution of precipitation is influenced by urban variables among which air pollution and urban roughness are considered primary. The presence of an urban heat island did not appear to improve rainfall. On the contrary, it appears to be a factor in the relative aridity of the downtown sector of the city. 相似文献
48.
Effects of Fish Stocking on Ecosystem Services: An Overview and Case Study Using the Stockholm Archipelago 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In this article, we focus on documented and possible effects of fish stocking in terms of ecosystem services. The increasing use of fish stocking between 1970 and 2000 in the semiurban setting of Stockholm archipelago, Sweden, is used as case study. The objective is to analyze this management practice from an ecosystem perspective, accounting for both the ecological and social context of releasing fish. The results show that enhancements of four native species (Salmo S. trutta, Salmo salar, Stizostedion lucioperca, and Anguilla anguilla) have dominated over new introductions of one nonnative species. (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The major objective has been to increase fish catches for local resource users. Involved stakeholders include three management agencies, one hydropower company, and several local sport fishing associations. Documented effects focus on recapture and production rates. However, our analysis suggests that additional positive or negative effects on biodiversity, food web dynamics, mobile links, or ecological information may also result, with possible consequences for the long-term provision of food, game, and aesthetic values. We conclude that a more adaptive and cooperative management approach could benefit from a deeper analysis of where, when, and what species is released, by whom, which stakeholders that use the fish and those ecosystem services the fish generate, and of the role of formal and informal institutions for monitoring and evaluating the success of releasing fish. 相似文献
49.
Ralph Skea 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》1989,32(2):107-114
The Town Scheme approach to urban conservation is being used increasingly as a major method of repairing historic buildings in conservation areas. A Town Scheme involves a long‐term financial and administrative partnership between the various levels of government. An annual budget made up of equal contributions from central government and the participating local authority is used to finance a multi‐year programme of repairs. Owners can apply for grants which are usually for 40 per cent of approved costs, and repair work must relate to the original structure and architectural details of an approved list of historic buildings. Town Schemes by themselves cannot totally transform the environmental quality of conservation areas, and the most successful schemes are part of wide‐ranging renewal and enhancement projects. 相似文献
50.
ABSTRACT: Country level electoral data were used to analyze the voting patterns of eight water related constitutional amendment elections. Both water quality enhancement amendments (1971, 1976), and three of six water development amendments (1957, 1962, 1966) have been ratified, thus establishing a statewide policy of reservoir development, a funding mechanism to implement such a policy, and the creation of a water management agency. Begining with the 1969 election, a West Texas-East Texas regionalized voting pattern has emerged, resulting in the defeat of three amendments (1969, 1976, 1981) intended to provide additional funding for water development. This regionalization reflects different climatic, physiographic, economic, and locational factors, and represents a potential obstacle to coordinated water management in Texas. 相似文献