Modeling of organic pollutant destruction in a stirred-tank reactor by ozonation

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The influence of forest fires on CO, HCN, C2H6, and C2H2 over northern Japan measured by infrared solar spectroscopy

Total column abundances of CO, HCN, C₂H₆, and C₂H₂ have been retrieved from infrared solar spectra observed at Moshiri (44.4°N) and Rikubetsu (43.5°N) in northern Japan from 1997 to 2005. The spectra were recorded with high spectral resolution ground-based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers and total column abundances were calculated by SFIT1 version 1.09e. Deviations of these species relative to their seasonal mean values (ΔCO, ΔHCN, ΔC₂H₆, and ΔC₂H₂) were derived, which showed short-time enhancements in 1998, 2002, and 2003. Good correlations among ΔCO, ΔHCN, ΔC₂H₆, and ΔC₂H₂ in a few months of each year were seen. Since the number of forest fires in Siberia had large enhancements in 1998, 2002, and 2003, trajectory analyses were performed in order to assess the influence of forest fires and it was confirmed that air masses passing over the location of burning points in Siberia reached Moshiri and Rikubetsu. This paper shows that enhancements of these species were driven by biomass burning in Siberia.     

An infinite-horizon model of dynamic membership of international environmental agreements

Much of the literature on international environmental agreements (IEAs) uses static models, although most important transboundary pollution problems involve stock pollutants. The few papers that study IEAs using models of stock pollutants do not allow for the possibility that membership of the IEA may change endogenously over time. In this paper we analyse a simple infinite-horizon version of the static model of self-enforcing IEAs, in which damage costs increase with the stock of pollution, and countries decide each period whether to join an IEA. Using a quadratic approximation of the value function of the representative country we show that there exists a steady-state stock of pollution with corresponding steady-state IEA membership, and that as the stock rises towards steady state the IEA membership falls. Moreover, we find that the greater is the cost of damage, and hence the greater are the potential gains from cooperation, the smaller is the membership of a self-enforcing IEA.     

可靠性强化试验技术在家电产品研发阶段中的应用

本文简要介绍了可靠性强化试验技术原理与特点,总结了可靠性强化试验技术在家电产品研发阶段中的应用方法,详细阐述了可靠性强化试验过程和试验剖面特点；给出了部分产品实施可靠性强化试验的结果与实施经验,论述了如何在家电产品中经济高效地实施可靠性强化试验技术.     

The Effects of Discussion of Familiar or Non-Familiar Information on Opinions of Anthropogenic Climate Change

ABSTRACT

The study found that encountering new information in an online chat rather than information that participants already knew and were familiar with was more likely to reduce support for the view that climate change is due to anthropogenic causes, even though the majority of the presented information supported anthropogenic causes. Participants reported feeling more competent and knowledgeable about the topic and felt less ostracized from others in the chat when participants were already familiar with information others discussed than when information discussed by others in the chat was new information. However, they viewed other chat members as more competent and knowledgeable when those others mentioned new information. Results are discussed within knowledge deficit model of science communication and the bias for common information.     

基于柔性SERS基底的快速原位检测环境污染物的方法

采用自组装方法,在新生的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)薄膜上形成有序的纳米金粒子(AuNPs)层结构,制备AuNPs/PMMA薄膜.因PMMA支撑层具有柔韧性和透光性的特点,可直接将AuNPs/PMMA薄膜置于被检测物表面,通过表面增强拉曼散射技术实现物体表面污染物的快速原位检测.相比于其它检测方法,该方法快速、简单、成本低,在环境监测、食品安全及医疗卫生等领域有着极为广泛的应用前景.     

海洋环境水下电磁场基本特性及抑制方法研究

目的掌握环境水下电磁场的基本特性以及适宜的降噪方法。方法从时域、频域、相关与极化等方面对某海域进行分析,并对得到的大量海洋环境水下电磁场特性进行总结,基于分析结果,研究自适应线谱增强技术在海洋环境水下电磁场抑制方面的应用。结果海洋环境水下电磁场具有一定的规律性和随机性,利用自适应线谱增强技术,信号强度增加了6 dB。结论通过对环境电磁场基本特性以及抑制方法的研究,可以对舰船测试中环境电磁场的影响程度进行评估,并提高目标的探测能力。     

超声强化技术在水处理中的应用研究进展

作为高级氧化技术,超声空化产生元选择性的强氧化性自由基,具有较大优势,但由于超声空化机理的特点使得有机物的完全矿化受到限制,而提高超声效率的常见方法有：优化频率、声强,与其他技术组合等。文章主要从超声波参数,添加剂,超声-高级氧化技术、超声-活性炭、超声-微生物处理、超声-石墨、超声-气浮、超声-膜处理、超声-混凝、超声-消毒技术等方面综述了超声强化技术原理及其在水处理中的应用研究进展。其中研究较少的方法有间歇超声、多频超声、充入多种气体以及超声与各工艺组合,如超声与活性炭、等离子体技术等组合,这些强化技术都-定程度的强化了超声效果。有些组合暂时未用于水处理,但经过完善也将大大催进水处理事业的发展。虽然超声波具有较大优势,但是由于其成本高,反应器生产技术限制。超声波大规模用于实际生产还需要较长-段时间。     

一种新型高选择性检测镁离子的荧光增强型探针

合成了一种新的镁离子荧光探针1(α-(喹啉-8-氧基)-乙酰水杨醛腙)(α(quinolin-8-yloxy)-acetyl salieyl hydrazone).探针1的乙醇溶液只发非常微弱的荧光,加入镁离子后在400-500nm的波长范围可以观察到65倍的荧光增强,而加入其它碱金属或碱土金属离子则不会引起荧光光谱的...     

A review of whole-process control of industrial volatile organic compounds in China

Volatile organic compounds(VOCs) play an important role in the formation of ground-level ozone and secondary organic aerosol(SOA), and they have been key issues in current air pollution prevention and control in China. Considerable attention has been paid to industrial activities due to their large and relatively complex VOCs emissions. The present research aims to provide a comprehensive review on whole-process control of industrial VOCs, which mainly includes source reduction, collection enhan...