烧麦秆与大气污染

本文就近３年来成都市周围烧麦杆，油菜秆所引起的大气环境污染的原因，危害加以分析，并提出对策及建议，由于成都市经济的高速发展，周围农村中不再用麦秆和油菜秆作为燃料而全部焚烧作肥料还田，同时由于３月多发生不利于大气污染物扩散的逆温现象及城市热岛效应，造成我市环境空气的严重污染，建议从立法、宣传及爱护资源等方面来改善人们的刑法陋习和加强对成都市大气环境的保护。     

脂化法(邻苯二甲酸酐)改性稻草的研究

本实验研究了用邻苯二甲酸酐对稻草进行酯化改性 ,考察了影响改性反应的主要因素 ,获得了最佳改性条件为 :邻苯二甲酸酐的加入量为稻草用量的一半 ,用十二烷基苯磺酸钠作相转移催化剂 ,正戊醇为溶剂、硫酸为润涨剂和催化剂对稻草进行酯化改性 ,在 1 2 0℃下 ,反应 6小时 ,其增重率可达 70 %。并对改性后的稻草进行了红外光谱分析 ( IR) ,发现改性稻草的微观结构有了较大改变 ,为稻草资源开发利用提供了新途径     

Anaerobic Digestion of Agricultural Solid Residues

Abstract

Agricultural residues can be converted to methane-rich gas mixture. Anaerobic biomethane production is an effective process for conversion of a broad variety of agricultural residues to methane to substitute natural gas and medium calorific value gases. Methane generating bacteria (methanogens) and other microbes that help digest dying plants in anaerobic conditions. Agricultural solid residues (ASR) represent a potential energy resource if they can be properly and biologically converted to methane.     

稻草改性的红外光谱分析

利用红外光谱对稻草改性的生成物进行分析,可以确定纤维素是否发生改变及生成何种物质．     

江苏省秸秆焚烧污染现状及防治对策

简述了江苏省秸秆焚烧污染及防治现状,对2001年-2011年江苏省秸秆焚烧对城市空气环境质量的影响进行了分析,指出了目前秸秆综合利用方面存在的问题,提出政府各有关部门和新闻媒体应继续加大秸秆综合利用和禁烧的宣传工作力度;进一步完善现有法律法规、管理考核办法以及秸秆综合利用规划;注重疏通资源出路,突出产业化带动,注重激发和调动农民的主动性和积极性,让农民得到实实在在的经济效益;强化科技支撑作用,在当前多途径综合利用的基础上,努力加强江苏省秸秆综合利用实用性技术的研究和开发。     

我国小草浆厂污染治理技术分析和评价

介绍了我国造纸工业的特点、污染的现状与原因,简要分析了碱回收法等6种造纸黑液的污染治理技术及中段水治理技术,并对小草浆厂实现达标排放进行了初步的技术评价。      

Emissions of ammonia and greenhouse gases during combined pre-composting and vermicomposting of duck manure

Combined pre-composting and vermicomposting has shown potential for reclamation of solid wastes, which is a significant source of ammonia (NH₃), and greenhouse gases (GHG), including nitrous oxide (N₂O), methane (CH₄), and carbon dioxide (CO₂). Earthworms and amendments may both affect physico-chemical characteristics that control gas-producing processes, and thus affect NH₃ and GHG emissions. Here, we used two-way ANOVA to test the effects of addition of reed straw and combined addition of reed straw and zeolite on NH₃ and GHG emissions during pre-composting of duck manure, either with or without a follow-up phase of vermicomposting. Results showed that cumulative N₂O, CH₄, and CO₂ emissions during pre-composting and vermicomposting ranged from 92.8, 5.8, and 260.6 mg kg^?1 DM to 274.2, 30.4, and 314.0 mg kg^?1 DM, respectively. Earthworms and amendments significantly decreased N₂O and CH₄ emissions. Emission of CO₂ was not affected by earthworms, but increased in responses to addition of reed straw. Cumulative NH₃ emission ranged from 3.0 to 8.1 g kg^?1 DM, and was significantly decreased by reed straw and zeolite addition. In conclusion, combined pre-composting and vermicomposting with reed straw and zeolite addition would be strongly recommended in mitigating emissions of N₂O, CH₄, and NH₃ from duck manure. Moreover, this method also provides nutrient-rich products that can be used as a fertilizer.     

2013年成都地区一次秸秆焚烧特征及成因分析

2013年9月14~17日成都及周边地区出现了一次秸秆焚烧空气污染过程,成都、德阳受污染影响较严重,乐山、眉山影响相对较轻。基于空气污染指数API,结合雷达消光系数反演图、在线气团后向轨迹及探空斜温图分析本次空气污染过程,主要是由成都城区以南地区秸秆焚烧及区域边界层辐射逆温等不利扩散气象条件共同造成的。     

Miscanthus × Giganteus straw and pellets as sustainable fuels

In this paper we present, for the first time, data on the combustion of Miscanthus × Giganteus straw and pellets. We found that the heating value of Miscanthus is 17.744 MJ/kg. The gaseous emission indices of SO₂, NO _x and total organic carbon (TOC) in the exhaust are reported and compared with the European standards for biomass boilers. On the basis of our results, it is possible to evaluate a net energy yield between 152 and 326 MJ/hectare/year for the cultivation of Miscanthus with an energy balance estimated to be in the range of 7.7–15.4. According to the presented results, it seems reasonable to consider Miscanthus as a promising candidate as alternative fuel.     

稻草制取糠醛联产高效复合肥工艺研究

研究了以稻草为原料，用改良硫酸法制取糠醛联产复合肥的工艺条件。结果表明，用20%硫酸（液固质量比为2.5:1），加入复合添加剂（1）（主要成分为磷酸钙、磷酸、重钙、亚硫酸氢钠等）或（Ⅱ）（主要成分为磷酸、重钙等）添加比例为15%～30%(占原料质量分数）、常压、100℃蒸馏2h，出醛率达理论出醛率的70%～80%，废渣全部变为中性复合肥料。