链霉菌S227抗耐药性物质的分离及其活性研究

在抗耐药性活性筛选过程中,发现分离自四川峨嵋山森林土壤的一株链霉菌S227(Streptomyces sp.)的发酵液具有抗细菌抗生素耐药性生物活性.利用已建立的抗耐药性的活性检测方法(专利号:ZL01128969.4)[1]为跟踪手段,采用有机溶剂萃取、硅胶柱层析以及薄层层析等方法,对该菌发酵液中抗耐药性活性物质进行分离纯化,得到了具有抗耐药性的活性单体S227-4,初步鉴定为四聚糖.利用MIC法对该样品的抗耐药活性进行研究:在证明该样品本身不具有抗菌活性的基础上,以临床分离的耐药菌株为指示菌,考察了该样品与抗生素联合使用时对耐药菌抗生素MIC(最小抑菌浓度)值的影响,结果表明,S227-4在不影响耐药菌生长的浓度下与不同的抗生素联合使用,可以明显提高不同耐药菌对不同抗生素的敏感性,如S227-4(200μg/mL)可以使S.aureus12334对红霉素的敏感性提高128倍.图2表2参8     

通过原生质体技术提高泰乐菌素产生菌的产量

从泰乐菌素产生菌弗氏链霉菌０２８－３菌株出发，通过ＮＴＧ多次诱变，获得一株泰乐菌素产量提高２倍以上的突变株Ｈ１８８．再以原生质体再生和原生质作诱变后再生的手段，经过连续两轮处理，获得两株突变株：Ａ１１７和Ｄ８５．在最佳发酵培养基条件下，它们的泰乐菌素产量比Ｈ１８８分别提高６．５倍和５．５倍以上．     

克拉维酸产生菌的改良

以棒状链霉菌Streptomyces clavu ligerus CCRC11518(ATCC27064)为出发菌,采用经典物理和化学诱变剂处理的微生物诱变技术和现代理性化筛选方法,通过筛选抗终产物结构类似物舒巴坦钠突变株、底物甘油耐受型突变株、营养缺陷型突变株,最后获得一株克拉维酸高产突变株III50,其克拉维酸摇瓶产量为834.8μg/mL,是出发菌株产量(282.4μg/mL)的2.96倍.该突变株在琼脂斜面培养基上连续转接传代8代,克拉维酸的产量保持稳定.表12参8     

产色链霉菌(Streptomyceschromogenes)和立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctoniasolani)转化NO_3~-的研究

筛选出２株真菌，产色链霉菌（Ｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｍｙｃｅｓｃｈｒｏｍ ｏｇｅｎｅｓ）和立枯丝核菌（Ｒｈｉｚｏｃｔｏｎｉａ ｓｏｌａｎｉ）具有转化ＮＯ－３ 的活性⒚它们的活性甚至比枯草芽孢杆菌（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓｓｕｂｔｉｌｉｓ）还强⒚产色链霉菌和立枯丝核菌将ＮＨ＋４ 转化为ＮＯ－３ 的机理也不同于真菌尖孢镰刀菌（Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍ ｏｘｙｓｐｏｒｉｕｍ ）必需有ＮＯ－３ 或ＮＯ－２ 的诱导才具有活性，它们可直接将硫酸铵转化为ＮＯ－３ ，进而再将ＮＯ－３ 转化为ＮＯ－２ ⒚此结果为研究新的硝化抑制剂提供了重要的理论根据     

Rhizobacteria helps to explain the enhanced efficiency of phytoextraction strengthened by Streptomyces pactum

The ultimate purpose of phytoextraction is not only to remove heavy metals from soil but also to improve soil quality. Here, we evaluated how the joint effect of Streptomyces pactum (strain Act12) and inorganic (Hoagland's solution) and organic (humic acid and peat) nutrients affected the phytoextraction practice of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) by potherb mustard, and the microbial community composition within rhizosphere was also investigated. The results indicated that the nutrients exerted synergistically with Act12, all increasing the plant biomass and Cd/Zn uptakes. The inoculation of Act12 alone significantly increased dehydrogenase activity of rhizosphere soil (P < 0.05), while urease and alkaline phosphatase activities varied in different dosage of Act12. Combined application of microbial strain with nutrients increased enzymatic activities with the elevated dosage of Act12. 16S ribosomal RNA high-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that Act12 inoculation reduced the diversity of rhizosphere bacteria. The Act12 and nutrients did not change dominant phyla i.e., Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Gemmatimonadetes, Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria, but their relative abundance differed among the treatments with: Peat > Act12 > Humic acid > Hoagland's solution. Comparatively, Sphingomonas replaced Thiobacillus as dominant genus after Act12 application. The increase in the Sphingomonas and Flavisolibacter abundances under Act12 and nutrients treatments gave rise to growth-promoting effect on plant. Our results revealed the important role for rhizosphere microbiota in mediating soil biochemical traits and plant growth, and our approach charted a path toward the development of Act12 combined with soil nutrients to enhance soil quality and phytoextraction efficiency in Cd/Zn-contaminated soils.     

栗褐链霉菌Streptomyces badius对木质纤维素的降解研究

在液态培养条件下,研究了不同外加碳氮源对栗褐链霉菌Streptomycesbadius降解木质纤维素过程中过氧化物酶活性及木质素降解中间产物——可酸沉淀的多聚木质素APPL产量的影响,并考察了培养前后木质素、纤维素和半纤维素3种组分的绝对量变化。结果表明,外加氮源-酵母膏对过氧化酶及APPL的产生具有显著的促进作用,而外加氮源-氯化铵和碳源-葡萄糖对二者都具有一定的抑制作用。同时,外加氮源-酵母膏促进木质素的降解,而氮源-氯化铵和碳源-葡萄糖抑制木质素的降解。     

一株产黑褐色色素海洋放线菌的研究

从舟山群岛潮间带海域中分离到一批产色素的海洋放线菌,用滤纸片法进行抑菌试验,并对目标菌株进行鉴定,然后对其所产色素进行粗提,测色素的最大吸收波长,研究理化因子对其影响.结果表明筛选到产黑褐色色素的菌株B2,其对Vibrio parahaemolyticus和Escherichia coli具有较好的抑制作用,色素初步研...     

产色链霉菌(Streptomyces chromogenes)和立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)转化NO3-的研究

筛选出２株真菌,产色链霉菌（Ｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｍｙｃｅｓ ｃｈｒｏｍｏｇｅｎｅｓ）和立枯丝核菌（Ｒｈｉｚｏｃｔｏｎｉａ ｓｏｌａｎｉ）具有转化ＮＯ３＾－的活性。它们的生比枯草芽孢杆菌（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｓｕｂｔｉｌｉｓ）还强。产色链霉菌和立枯丝核菌将ＮＨ４＾＋转化为ＮＯ３＾＿的机理也不同于真菌尖孢镰刀菌（Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍｏｘｙｓｐｏｒｉｕｍ）必需有ＮＯ３＾－或ＮＯ２＾－的诱导才具有活性,它们可直接将硫     

Kinetic and equilibrium models for the biosorption of Cr(III) on Streptomyces rimosus

This study focused on the biosorption of trivalent chromium onto mycelial bacterium (Streptomyces rimosus) biomass from effluent of tannery. The biomass was prepared by treatment with alkali. Fourier transforms-infra red analysis of the mycelial bacterial revealed the presence of carboxyl groups as possible binding sites. Experimental parameters affecting biosorption processes such as pH contact time were studied. Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin models were applied to describe the biosorption isotherms. The Langmuir model fitted the equilibrium data better than the Freundlich isotherm. The biosorption capacity of S. rimosus biomass for trivalent chromium was found to be 83 mg g^?1 at pH 4.8 and 3 g L^?1 biomass dosage, 300 min equilibrium time and 20°C. Kinetic evaluation of experimental data showed that the biosorption processes of trivalent chromium followed pseudo-second-order kinetics well.     

一株降解原油链霉菌的分离鉴定与降解特性研究

从山东东营胜利油田附近被石油污染的土壤中分离得到1株高效原油降解菌Z1a-B,依据形态和培养特征,初步鉴定Z1a-B菌株为链霉菌属白孢类群。试验结果表明,该菌株具有较强的溶血和排油活性,说明其产生生物表面活性剂的能力较强。通过气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分析,菌株能基本降解C12~C34的正构烷烃,对烷基苯、菲、甲基菲、萘也具有较强的降解能力。固体培养基配比以麸皮2 g、鸡粪40 g、草炭52.5 g、生石灰1.5g,或麸皮2 g、大米20 g、黄豆粉28 g、生石灰1.5 g较佳,在这2种配比培养基中链霉菌生长快,长势好,产孢子量多。经室内培养试验发现,当土壤中w(原油)=10%时,经Z1a-B菌株处理(35℃,pH 6.5)50 d,土壤原油降解率为67.5%。