一株降解原油链霉菌的分离鉴定与降解特性研究

从山东东营胜利油田附近被石油污染的土壤中分离得到1株高效原油降解菌Z1a-B,依据形态和培养特征,初步鉴定Z1a-B菌株为链霉菌属白孢类群。试验结果表明,该菌株具有较强的溶血和排油活性,说明其产生生物表面活性剂的能力较强。通过气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分析,菌株能基本降解C12~C34的正构烷烃,对烷基苯、菲、甲基菲、萘也具有较强的降解能力。固体培养基配比以麸皮2 g、鸡粪40 g、草炭52.5 g、生石灰1.5g,或麸皮2 g、大米20 g、黄豆粉28 g、生石灰1.5 g较佳,在这2种配比培养基中链霉菌生长快,长势好,产孢子量多。经室内培养试验发现,当土壤中w(原油)=10%时,经Z1a-B菌株处理(35℃,pH 6.5)50 d,土壤原油降解率为67.5%。     

产色链霉菌(Streptomyces chromogenes)和立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)转化NO3-的研究

筛选出２株真菌,产色链霉菌（Ｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｍｙｃｅｓ ｃｈｒｏｍｏｇｅｎｅｓ）和立枯丝核菌（Ｒｈｉｚｏｃｔｏｎｉａ ｓｏｌａｎｉ）具有转化ＮＯ３＾－的活性。它们的生比枯草芽孢杆菌（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｓｕｂｔｉｌｉｓ）还强。产色链霉菌和立枯丝核菌将ＮＨ４＾＋转化为ＮＯ３＾＿的机理也不同于真菌尖孢镰刀菌（Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍｏｘｙｓｐｏｒｉｕｍ）必需有ＮＯ３＾－或ＮＯ２＾－的诱导才具有活性,它们可直接将硫     

拮抗放线菌T111菌株鉴定、发酵液理化性质测定及发酵条件优化

为明确放线菌T111在植物病害生物防治中的应用潜力,通过形态观察、生理生化测定结合16S rDNA序列分析确定了其分类地位,采用平板打孔法测定了发酵液的理化性质,并采用单因素试验与正交设计方法筛选出该菌株的优化发酵配方和发酵条件.结果表明,T111与黄色链霉菌Streptomyces flaveus strain NBRC3359(AB184749)序列的同源性最高,初步鉴定为黄色链霉菌(Streptomyces flaveus).该发酵液对黄瓜菌核、黄瓜蔓枯、棉花红腐病菌等有较高的抑制活性;贮存稳定性和热稳定性良好,4℃贮存60 d,抑菌活性为对照的88.3%,80℃处理60 min抑菌活性为对照的90.9%;对pH值较敏感,在pH 5～7时活性较高;对紫外线稳定,紫外光照射12 h,其活性基本不受影响.培养基优化组合为:可溶性淀粉20 g,大豆蛋白胨5 g,NaNO3 20 g,FeSO4 0.5 g,去离子水1 000 mL;优化发酵条件为:发酵温度27℃,发酵时间5 d,初始pH 6.0,接种量5%,装液量75 mL/250 mL,摇床转速150 r min-1.图6表2参18     

Streptomyces venezuelae GY1产聚乙烯醇降解酶的培养条件

放线菌StreptomycesvenezuelaeGY1产生的聚乙烯醇(PVA)降解酶是一种诱导酶.以4种不同类型的PVA为唯一碳源时,该菌株单位质量细胞产酶能力比以糖类物质为唯一碳源时提高10倍以上.聚合度和醇解度最高的PVA1799是该菌株产生PVA降解酶的适宜底物,其浓度为1gL-1时,PVA降解酶的产量为120u/g(细胞).培养基中PVA1799浓度由1gL-1上升到5gL-1时,该菌株单位质量细胞产酶能力下降73%,表明PVA1799浓度过高会抑制产酶.GY1菌株产酶的最适温度和pH分别为30℃和7.0.在GY1菌株生长过程中控制以下条件有利于产生PVA降解酶:(1)保持培养体系中较高的溶氧水平;(2)在氮源中补充NO-3;(3)在一定浓度范围内添加MgSO4·7H2O、CaCl2、MnSO4、BaCl2、ZnSO4、FeSO4·7H2O和CuSO4等金属盐.Pseudomonassp.产生的PVA降解酶能够作用伯醇或仲醇类化合物,以这些伯醇或仲醇类化合物代替培养基中的PVA,不能诱导GY1菌株产生PVA降解酶;而在培养基中有PVA存在时,再添加0.5gL-1的3戊醇和环己醇能够明显促进PVA降解酶的产生(单位质量细胞产酶能力分别提高了21%和32%).图8表1参10     

杀螺微生物的分离与杀螺及抑菌活性的研究

对中国典型培养物保藏中心的凸形假单胞菌(Pseudomonasconvexa)AB93077,AB93065和浅灰链霉菌(Streptomycesgriseolus)AA93066,AA92070,AA94037的杀螺活性进行研究表明AA92070,AA94037具有杀螺活性,其它三种菌株在本实验条件下未见杀螺活性。另外从环境中分离到一株新的具杀螺活性的链霉菌WZ,与以往报道的杀螺链霉菌不同,它的孢子丝顶端为卷曲或螺旋状。链霉菌AA92070,AA94037,WZ的发酵液经100℃处理5min后仍具有杀螺活性,这表明三种链霉菌所产生的杀螺素具有一定的耐热性。通过测定三种链霉菌发酵液的抑菌谱,可初步看出三种菌的发酵产物主要抑制细菌的生长。     

抗水稻主要真菌病害的H50的分类鉴定

从水稻田土壤中筛选到一株编号为H50的链霉菌，表现了对水稻纹枯病和水稻稻瘟病病菌有强烈的拮抗作用，其次生代谢产物对病菌菌丝有断裂，扭曲，缢缩等有效致畸效应。根据菌株形态特征，细胞壁化学成分，培养特征及生理生化特性，鉴定该菌株为：球孢链霉菌（Streptomyces globisporus)。图3表2参7     

溶藻放线菌对铜绿微囊藻和小球藻竞争生长的影响

从土壤中分离获得l株对铜绿微囊藻有明显抑制作用的橄榄网状链霉菌SG-001（Streptomyces olivoreticuli SG-001）,研究其对铜绿微囊藻（Microcystis aeruginosa）和小球藻（Chlorefla pyrenoidosa）竞争生长的影响。结果表明：SG-001菌株的活性物质主要存在于无菌滤液中,能够强烈抑制铜绿微囊藻的生长,但对小球藻的生长具有明显的促进作用。当混藻中两种藻细胞初始接种浓度均为4.0×106 mL-1时,在BG11纯培养条件下,添加SG-001无菌滤液有利于小球藻生长,但对铜绿微囊藻抑制作用不明显;而SG-001无菌滤液对天然加富水样中的铜绿微囊藻具有明显抑制作用,在同时接种有铜绿微囊藻和小球藻的混合藻液中,添加SG-001无菌滤液能够明显提高小球藻的生长竞争能力,且水体中氨氮和可溶性总磷的去除率可分别达到85%和93.33%,而铜绿微囊藻在第8天时生长基本被小球藻抑制。     

Location and PCR analysis of catabolic genes in a novel Streptomyces sp. DUT AHX capable of degrading nitrobenzene

A novel strain of Streptomyces sp.DUT_AHX was isolated from sludge contaminated with nitrobenzene and identified on the basis of physiological and biochemical tests and 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence analysis.The optimal degradation conditions were as follows:temperature 30℃,pH 7.0-8.0,shaking speed 150-180 r/min,and inocula 10%(V/V).The strain,which possessed a partial reductive pathway with the release of ammonia,was also able to grow on mineral salts basal (MSB) medium plates with 2-aminophenol, ph...     

Growth promotion and disease prevention effects of streptomyces on Amorphophallus konjac K. Koch ex N.E.Br北大核心CSCD

This study aimed to evaluate the disease antagonism and seed growth promotion effects of streptomyces on Amorphophallus konjac by agar block and axenic fermentation extract experiments. Pot experiments were taken to assess relative biocontrol effiency and effect of streptomyce preparation M (mixture of S. carnosus and S. pactum in solid-state fermentation with 1:1 ratio) on biomass, photosynthetic rate, yield and corm quality of A. konjac K. Koch ex N.E.Br. Results showed that: 1 Streptomyces Act12 had obvious antagonistic activity against six soft rot pathogens, and the diameter of growth inhibition zones ranged from 19.4 to 31.6 mm. Fermentation filtrate of streptomyces exhibited growth-promoting activity on melon seed germination and seedling growth. 2 Streptomyce-derived viable preparations had biocontrol effect on A. konjac regarding soft rot-disease prevention. In the pot experiment, individual inoculation of preparations achieved 65.0% relative biocontrol effect on A. konjac during the harvest stage. After 10 and 20 days of inoculation combined with Pectobacterium chrysanthemi (a bacterial pathogen), the relative biocontrol effiency of streptomyces were 100.0% and 58.4%, respectively. 3 Streptomyces showed obvious growth-promoting effect on growth and yield of A. konjac. In the pot experiment, combined inoculation of streptomyces and Pectobacterium chrysanthemi significantly increased the petiole diameter by 11.1%, net photosynthetic rate by 111.7%, fresh weight of corm by 54.8%, fresh weight of rhizome by 304.2%, and the number of rhizomes by 200.0%, compared with individual inoculation of Pectobacterium chrysanthemi. 4 Individual inoculation with streptomyces improved corm quality of A. konjac. The contents of glucomannan, starch and cellulose significantly increased by 14.0%, 8.1% and 27.7%, respectively compared with control (P < 0.05) . This study indicates that streptomyces promotes the growth of A. konjac, enhances the yield and the content of glucomannan, and at the same time helps disease prevention of A. konjac.