厌氧—好氧生物滤池处理城镇污水的研究

厌氧－好氧高性能生物滤池是利用附着在塑料模块填料上的微生物系统对城镇污水中的污染物质进行降解处理。厌氧水解池和高负荷生物滤池采用的塑料模块填料具肮空隙率、高附着面积、高布水性能和抗堵塞的优异性能，使出无需回流。当厌氧水解池水力仪时间国４ｈ，生物滤澉水力负荷为３０ｍ＾３／（ｍ＾２．ｄ），城镇污水的ＣＯＤｃｒ去作率达７５％～８５％、ＢＯＤ５去除率达８５％、９５％，ＳＳ去除率达８５％～９０５％，处理后出     

非均相催化电解法处理焦化废水

采用三维电极固定床技术对焦化废水进行了深度处理的实验研究,并取得了相应的工艺参数.实验研究结果表明,三维电极技术能有效的处理焦化废水,在槽电压为12V,液体催化剂量为1500mg/l,反应时间为60min,ph为3,CODcr去除率可达62%.     

城镇污水处理最佳实用技术新进展

目前我国城镇迫切需要经济、高效、节能、技术先进可靠的城市污水处理工艺和技术,即所谓的"三低一少”技术."三低一少”技术是指低建设费用,低运行费用,低操作管理需求,二次污染物排放少的城镇污水处理技术.国内新研究开发的厌氧水解-高负荷生物滤池和蚯蚓生态滤池就是其中成功的代表.通过技术经济指标等方面的比较可以看出,厌氧水解-高负荷生物滤池和蚯蚓生态滤池这两种新技术在污水处理效果、剩余污泥产率方面优于传统的活性污泥法工艺,并可节约20%～45%的工程造价,50%～65%的运行费用,操作管理简单方便,对处于目前发展阶段的我国中小城镇具有巨大的应用潜力.     

湖南几种耕地土壤固定态铵释放的动力学研究

通过野外调查取样、室内培养试验与分析测定,研究了湖南省几种母质发育的旱地土壤和稻田土壤固定态铵释放的动力学。结果表明,供试土壤固定态铵的释放非常缓慢。水田土壤培养8周后,旱地土壤培养7周后均未达到最大释放量,其累积释放量随着时间的延长而增加;除开始2d内固定态铵的释放稍快外,整个培养期间土壤固定态铵的释放速率基本保持恒定。其中,土壤“新固定的”固定态铵的释放率远远大于“原有的”固定态铵。在水田土壤条件下,“新固定的”固定态铵经培养8周后,可释放出“新固定的”固定态铵的58.0%~80.8%,而“原有的”固定态铵仅能释放2.4%~8.8%。数学拟合结果表明,一级动力学方程和抛物扩散方程均能很好地拟合供试土壤固定态铵释放的动力学资料,零级方程也有较好的拟合效果,但Elovich方程较差。研究还表明,溶液中的阳离子种类会影响土壤固定态铵的释放,Ca2 的存在较K 更有利于固定态铵的释放。     

活性炭固定床电解槽研究

在分析电解槽能耗构成要素及形成原因的基础上 ,本研究开发出活性炭固定床电解槽用于污水处理。本研究以含酚废水为处理对象 ,主要进行了活性炭固定床电解槽与普通电解槽的能耗比较研究。结果表明 ,在相同酚去除率的情况下 ,活性炭固定床电解槽可节省能量 30 %～ 40 % ,具有显著的节能效果     

How to dissolve fixed‐pie bias in negotiation? Social antecedents and the mediating effect of mental‐model adjustment

Fixed‐pie bias, defined as the erroneous belief that the other negotiation party's interest is directly opposite to one's own, has been a consistent hurdle that negotiators must overcome in their efforts to achieve optimal negotiation outcomes. In this study, we explore the underlying cognitive mechanism and the social antecedents of fixed‐pie bias reduction in negotiation. Using data from a negotiation simulation with 256 participants, we found that mental‐model adjustments made by negotiators could effectively decrease fixed‐pie bias. More interestingly, we also found that negotiators were less likely to reduce fixed‐pie bias when negotiating with an in‐group member than with an out‐group member but only under a high accountability condition. Finally, we found that mental‐model adjustment mediated the effects of the aforementioned social antecedents (in‐groupness and accountability) on reduced fixed‐pie bias. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

固定化絮凝剂-催化电极协同治理染整污水研究

以颗粒状沸石为载体 ,表面涂履碱式聚合氯化铝而制备成固定化絮凝剂 ;以金属钛为载体 ,表面修饰钌氧化物膜 ,制备成催化电极 ,染整工业污水在以固定化絮凝剂 -催化电极填充的絮凝电氧化床内 ,于 4.0V恒电压和 30℃下催化电解 5h ,可达工业污水排放标准。     

基于流态化作用的吸附反应动力学和穿透特征

基于流态化作用的吸附反应动力学和穿透特征研究还鲜见报道.以苯酚为吸附质、活性炭为吸附剂,探讨了不同流态化紊流强度对基于流态化作用的吸附效率、吸附动力学特性、吸附反应穿透曲线和饱和吸附量的影响,并与相同条件的固定床吸附反应器进行了对比研究.结果表明,表观流速为8 mm·s-1和13 mm·s-1时,基于流态化和固定态的活性炭在5 min内的吸附效率均达到93%以上,吸附反应均符合经典二级动力学方程,且其相关系数大于0.999.穿透实验结果表明,表观流速为6 mm·s-1和8 mm·s-1时,基于流态化的活性炭对苯酚的吸附总量分别较固定态高8.77 mg·g-1和24.70 mg·g-1.可见,基于流态化吸附反应器与基于固定态吸附反应器相比,具有吸附反应效率高,吸附总量大的特征.     

Porous media grain size distribution and hydrodynamic forces effects on transport and deposition of suspended particles

The effects of porous media grain size distribution on the transport and deposition of polydisperse suspended particles under different flow velocities were investigated. Selected Kaolinite particles(2–30 μm) and Fluorescein(dissolved tracer) were injected in the porous media by step input injection technique. Three sands filled columns were used: Fine sand,Coarse sand, and a third sand(Mixture) obtained by mixing the two last sands in equal weight proportion. The porous media performance on the particle removal was evaluated by analysing particles breakthrough curves, hydro-dispersive parameters determined using the analytical solution of convection–dispersion equation with a first order deposition kinetics, particles deposition profiles, and particle-size distribution of the recovered and the deposited particles. The deposition kinetics and the longitudinal hydrodynamic dispersion coefficients are controlled by the porous media grain size distribution. Mixture sand is more dispersive than Fine and Coarse sands. More the uniformity coefficient of the porous medium is large, higher is the filtration efficiency. At low velocities, porous media capture all sizes of suspended particles injected with larger ones mainly captured at the entrance.A high flow velocity carries the particles deeper into the porous media, producing more gradual changes in the deposition profile. The median diameter of the deposited particles at different depth increases with flow velocity. The large grain size distribution leads to build narrow pores enhancing the deposition of the particles by straining.     

上海某地铁站黑碳浓度水平及个体暴露特征

基于对职业环境空气污染物的个体暴露风险关注,在上海某地铁站进行了ρ(黑碳)的连续定点(新风井和车辆控制室)监测;同时对地铁工作人员进行个体黑碳暴露采样,并与定点监测的ρ(黑碳)比较,探讨个体采样在黑碳暴露研究中的作用. 结果表明:某地铁站新风井处ρ(黑碳)与ρ(NO₂)呈显著相关(R=0.75,P<0.05),而与ρ(PM₁₀)无显著相关性(R=0.43,P>0.1);由ρ(黑碳)日变化及其在工作日和休息日的差异可知,地铁站内ρ(黑碳)可能与室外机动车尾气排放相关;与定点监测结果不同,个体黑碳暴露浓度波动范围大,出现了未在定点监测中观测到的极高值,并且个体黑碳暴露浓度的四分位差值(IQR)是定点监测结果的2倍;尽管车控室内平均个体黑碳暴露浓度较低,但由于个体72%的工作时间是在车控室内度过的,因此车控室的个体黑碳暴露剂量比非车控室环境高.