固定污染源废气有组织排放手工监测质量控制与实施

阐述了固定污染源废气有组织排放手工监测容易忽视的问题和质量控制需要采取的措施。     

厌氧流化床微生物燃料电池处理废水的产电特性

在内径40mm、高600mm的液固厌氧流化床空气阴极单室微生物燃料电池(MFC)中,分别以污水和椰壳活性炭为液相和固相,采用间歇运行方式,考察了接种厌氧污泥条件下流化状态对电池产电性能的影响.实验结果表明,固定床条件下,电池启动迅速.初始电压为200mV,80h后电压急剧上升,100h后电池开路电压稳定在700～900mV之间.对比电压和功率密度随电流强度变化的曲线知,电池启动成功后,固定床状态下,电池最大输出功率密度随污水循环流速的增加而增大.床层颗粒由固定状态转变为流化状态后,电池最大输出功率密度由初始值120mW·m-3增加至220mW·m-3,说明流化床可以改善MFC阳极室内传质效果,加快反应速率,提高MFC产电性能.     

湖南省某些稻田土壤固定态铵的剖面分布

利用Silva-Bremner法测定了湖南省某些稻田土壤各剖面的固定态铵量，揭示了其分布规律。固定态铵绝对含量的剖面分布规律有4种类型：第1类为土壤固定态铵随剖面深度增加而增大；第2类是土壤固定态铵随剖面深度增加而减小；第3类是土壤固定态铵随剖面深度变化不明显；第4类是土壤固定态铵在土壤剖面某一土层中明显增大或减少，特别明显的是犁底层的固定态铵量常比耕作层要高。这与成土过程、母质类型以及人为活动等因素有关。固定态铵相对含量分布常从上至下逐渐增加。     

Evaluating the efficacy of adaptive management approaches: Is there a formula for success?

Within the field of natural-resources management, the application of adaptive management is appropriate for complex problems high in uncertainty. Adaptive management is becoming an increasingly popular management-decision tool within the scientific community and has developed into two primary schools of thought: the Resilience-Experimentalist School (with high emphasis on stakeholder involvement, resilience, and highly complex models) and the Decision-Theoretic School (which results in relatively simple models through emphasizing stakeholder involvement for identifying management objectives). Because of these differences, adaptive management plans implemented under each of these schools may yield varying levels of success. We evaluated peer-reviewed literature focused on incorporation of adaptive management to identify components of successful adaptive management plans. Our evaluation included adaptive management elements such as stakeholder involvement, definitions of management objectives and actions, use and complexity of predictive models, and the sequence in which these elements were applied. We also defined a scale of degrees of success to make comparisons between the two adaptive management schools of thought. Our results include the relationship between the adaptive management process documented in the reviewed literature and our defined continuum of successful outcomes. Our data suggest an increase in the number of published articles with substantive discussion of adaptive management from 2000 to 2009 at a mean rate of annual change of 0.92 (r2 = 0.56). Additionally, our examination of data for temporal patterns related to each school resulted in an increase in acknowledgement of the Decision-Theoretic School of thought at a mean annual rate of change of 0.02 (r2 = 0.6679) and a stable acknowledgement for the Resilience-Experimentalist School of thought (r2 = 0.0042; slope = 0.0013). Identifying the elements of successful adaptive management will be advantageous to natural-resources managers considering adaptive management as a decision tool.     

无回路阻力平衡约束的固定风量平衡算法研究

通风网络解算、按需分风优化调节、基于固定风量调节反算风阻等工程实际问题均存在固定风量平衡问题.为判断在固定风量分支的位置、个数、风量都不确定的前提下,是否存在同时满足固定风量条件和风量平衡条件的通风网络风量分配方案,将固定风量平衡问题转化为网络流分配问题,令固定风量分支的容量上界与下界均等于固定风量值,其他分支的容量视为无穷大,判断是否存在所有固定风量分支均达到饱和状态的可行流,利用最大流算法求解可行流问题.如果存在可行流,则最大流方法的分配结果便可同时满足固定风量条件和风量平衡条件,即为通风网络风量的初始分配方案.通过正反2个实例验证,表明该方法可行.     

经济、环境与人口健康的相互影响:基于我国省区面板数据的实证分析

经济增长造成环境变化;收入水平和环境质量共同影响着人口健康;人口健康状况又影响着经济增长.本文构建了一个描述兰者之间关系的联立方程模型,使用省区面板数据.分析了我国20世纪90年代至今省区层面上经济、环境与人口健康的相互影响.实证结果表明,工业污染是经济增长的阻碍因素;经济增长对人口健康有显著的正影响,而工业污染对人口健康有显著的负影响;人口健康对经济增长的贡献不显著;教育状况对经济增长有显著促进作用,但对人口健康没有显著的直接影响;第三产业的发展有利于减少工业污染,改善环境质量.因此,发展教育事业和第三产业,是促进经济增长和提高环境质量的有效举措.     

四川省固定资产投资现状与对策

分析了四川省固定资产投资的现状及原因 ,提出了增大投资力度的四条建议 ,并对 2 0 0 0年四川省固定资产投资进行了多方案预测。     

An integrated test strategy for the assessment of anaerobic biodegradability of wastewaters

The anaerobic biodegradability of wastewaters from different chemical plants was determined by an integrated test strategy consisting of an anaerobic toxicity test, a static anaerobic biodegradation test and a continuously operated fixed bed reactor test. This integrated procedure offered a useful tool for screening wastewaters for anaerobic biodegradability. Four different wastewaters were tested for anaerobic toxicity and biodegradability. One wastewater was used in subsequent testing in a fixed bed reactor which aimed to illustrate a potential design of an anaerobic treatment plant.     

家具企业喷涂过程呼吸防护技术应用研究

随着家具行业持续高速发展和从业人数的不断增加,家具企业职业危害的严峻性也日益突显,职业危害预防、控制也越来越受重视。喷涂作为家具表面处理的重要工艺,其作业过程产生的漆雾和挥发性有机化合物更是直接威胁到职工的健康安全。基于对家具企业喷漆作业场所的有毒、有害因素分析研究的基础上,从个体职业危害防护的角度,提出适用于家具企业喷漆过程的固定式长管呼吸装置防护技术,加强对家具企业职工喷漆作业的劳动保护,实现职业危害的预防控制。