Three-dimensional eutrophication model and application to Taihu Lake, China

Taihu Lake, the largest freshwater shallow lake in eastern China, has suffered from severe eutrophication over the past two decades. This research developed a three-dimensional eutrophication model to investigate the eutrophication dynamics. The model fully coupled the biological processes and hydrodynamics, and also took into account the effects of sediment release and the external loads from the tributaries. After sensitivity analyses, the key parameters were defined and then calibrated by the field observation data. The calibrated model was applied to study the seasonal primary productions and its regional differences. The comparisons between model results and field data in year 2000 indicated that the model is able to simulate the eutrophication dynamics in Taihu Lake with a reasonable accuracy. From the simulation experiments, it was found that the meteorological forcing have significant influences on the temporal variations of the eutrophication dynamics. The wind-induced circulation and sediment distribution play an important role in the spatial distribution of the algae blooms.     

Characterization of depth-related microbial communities in lake sediment by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of amplified 16S rRNA fragments

The characterization of microbial communities of different depth sediment samples was examined by a culture-independent method and compared with physicochemical parameters, those are organic matter （OM）, total nitrogen （TN）, total phosphorus （TP）, pH and redox potential （Eh）. Total genomic DNA was extracted from samples derived from different depths. After they were amplified with the GC-341 f/907r primer sets of partial bacterial 16S rRNA genes, the products were separated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE）. The profile of DGGE fingerprints of different depth sediment samples revealed that the community structure remained relatively stable along the entire 45 cm sediment core, however, principal-component analysis of DGGE patterns revealed that at greater sediment depths, successional shifts in community structure were evident. The principle coordinates analysis suggested that the bacterial communities along the sediment core could be separated into two groups, which were located 0-20 cm and 21-45 cm, respectively. The sequencing dominant bands demonstrated that the major phylogenetic groups identified by DGGE belonged to Bacillus, Bacterium, Brevibacillus, Exiguobacterium, γ-Proteobacterium, Acinetobacter sp. and some uncultured or unidentified bacteria. The results indicated the existence of highly diverse bacterial community in the lake sediment core.     

磁湖底泥重金属污染与潜在生态风险评价

为解磁湖底泥中重金属含量、污染程度以及各污染物的潜在生物毒性,对磁湖8个底泥样品中6种金属元素(Cu、Pb、Ni、As、Hg、Cd)进行了分析研究。利用地累积指数法和单因子评价法对底泥中的重金属污染程度进行了综合性的评价。利用潜在生态风险指数法对磁湖底泥中的重金属潜在生态风险进行了评价,结果表明,磁湖底泥中主要的重金属污染物是Cd和Cu,其次是Pb、As、Ni、Hg。各重金属的潜在生态风险从大到小的排列次序为:Cd>As>Cu>Pb>Hg。     

Decomposition and phosphorus release from four different size fractions of Microcystis spp. taken from Lake Taihu, China

Decomposition of Microcystis is accompanied by the release of phosphorus,during bacteria play an important role.A series of experiments were undertaken to evaluate the effect of bacteria on the decomposition of Microcystis taken from Lake Taihu,China,a lake that is suffering from dense Microcystis blooms.The 16 experiments involved four size fractions of colonial Microcystis with or without the addition of lake sediment and Gram-negative bacterial inhibitor NAN_3.The highest decomposition rates were reco...     

泮河底泥中重金属污染及潜在生态危害评价

在对泮河污染现状调查与分析的基础上,采用地累积指数法和Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法对泮河底泥中重金属污染程度和生态危害进行了评价。结果表明,泮河底泥已经不同程度的受到了Cu、Zn、Cr、Cd、Hg的污染;各种重金属的污染程度为:Hg>Cd>Cr>Cu>Zn>Pb。对泮河底泥重金属的潜在危害评价显示,以当地背景值作为参比值进行评价,泮河属于严重的潜在生态风险程度,主要贡献因子是Hg和Cd。     

水体沉积物中磷释放的影响因素

概述了水体沉积物中磷的存在形态以及磷素释放的影响因素。主要讨论了溶解氧、温度、pH值、水体扰动、沉积物组成、生物作用和光照对沉积物磷释放的影响,并提出了目前存在的问题和未来发展的方向,为水体富营养化的研究提供了科学的理论依据。     

湘潭市地表雨水径流污染的特性研究

目前,由于地表雨水径流污染日益严重,造成的损失也越来越大,人们的目光逐渐从传统的点源污染转向面源污染(即非点源污染)。为防止地表雨水径流污染对地表水体的污染,探讨城市地表径流的污染特性,本文对晴天时湘潭市雨湖区道路路面沉积物的粒径分布及污染潜力进行了测试,对雨天时湖南科技大学校园内家属区一道路的雨水径流也进行了测试,旨在为相关部门治理地表污染提供一定的参考与依据。     

Comprehensive evaluation of heavy metal contamination of sediment in Lake Dianchi by using modified AHP method and 137Cs dating

Through the use of general sampling and measurement by ¹³⁷ Cs dating, problems regarding the absence of monitoring data can easily be resolved. Further, weighted values need to be determined while Environment Quality Comprehensive Index (EQCI) is commonly used as applied in environmental quality comprehensive evaluation. In order to overcome the subjectivity in determining weights, the modified Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was designed. The modified AHP method involved the following key procedures: First, the parameters y _i1 and y _i2 were calculated based on the monitoring data; second, the factors were put in order according to the symbol and value of y _i1 and y _i2; third, the continuous odd integers, which represented the importance of factors, were given to factors according to their seating order; and, fourth, the factor weights were determined from the pair-wise comparison matrix calculated by the ratio of the given odd integers. Therefore, the weights were completely based on the monitoring data. In the present study, the comprehensive quality of sediments in five sections of Lake Dianchi were evaluated and the results indicated that the current contamination of sediments in each lake section is much more serious than at any other time in history. __________ Translated from Environmental Science, 2006, 27(8): 1531–1536 [译自: 环境科学]     

南沙港网箱养殖水域沉积环境质量评价

2007-01至2007-11分4个航次对宁波南沙港网箱养殖区沉积物环境质量状况进行了现场调查,利用MOM—B系统的三个子集参数对沉积环境质量进行了评价。结果表明：子集1得出2007-01的平均分数小于0．5,而-2007—04、2007—07以及2007—11的平均分数均大于0．5;子集2得出4个季节沉积物的pH和氧化还原电位变化范围分别为7．15—8．33和-197．5m～-105my;子集3得出4个航次得到的平均分数介于4和10之间;综合3个子集的结果来看,南沙港网箱养殖区沉积物环境质量状况冬季为2级,春季、夏季和秋季均属于4级严重污染状态。     

新疆博斯腾湖重金属污染的沉积记录

通过测定柱芯沉积物中重金属含量,分析了新疆博斯腾湖重金属污染水平、来源及其变化趋势。结果表明,博斯腾湖西岸Pb、Zn和Cu的地质积累指数均小于0.5,污染较轻,主要来源于自然源。西南小湖区重金属Zn、Cu、Ni、Co污染较轻,主要来源于岩石风化等地球化学过程;重金属Pb和Cd污染中等,主要来源于农业活动中磷酸盐肥料的使用,1960 s以来增加显著,近年来呈明显的上升趋势。