ISC长期模型在烟台市空气污染控制规划中的应用

首次将ISCLT模型应用在烟台市空气污染综合控制规划中。研究在进行模式验证的基础上，模拟了SO2，NOx长期平均浓度，进行了城市空气污染特征分析及控制效果的预测。结果表明，ISCLT模型完全适用于在气象参数的获得受到限制的情况下模拟大气污染物的长期浓度分布；部分主要高架污染源以及低架点源是烟台SO2污染的主要来源；在市中心区、环境空气中NOx浓度的2／3来源于机动车排放；实施综合治理方案后，区域SO2浓度基本达到国家一级标准。     

苏州河水系水动力模型建立及应用

应用MIKE11模型系统建立了以苏州河以及其支流为重点的全市感潮河网水动力数学模型。模型在天然河网的基础上，以骨干河道为基础，进行合理的河道和湖泊概化，并将上海市河网水系划分为14个水利片，分片考虑区域降雨径流对河网水量的影响。模型可应用于水系水量调度分析及非点源污染分析，并对对苏州河沿岸泵站雨天溢流进行模拟计算。结果表明，建立的苏州河水系水动力模型可为苏州河整治工程提供科学决策工具。     

工业废水中痕量汞的直接测定

采用DMA-80型直接测汞仪测定工业废水中的痕量汞,优化了干燥时间、分解温度、释放温度等试验条件。方法在0μg/L~600μg/L范围内线性良好,检出限为5.0×10-5mg/L,工业废水样品平行测定的RSD≤0.2%,加标回收率为96.7%~105%。     

陕西省重金属污染特征分析

以陕西省重金属工业污染源为例,利用等标污染负荷法和单位产值等标污染负荷法,从污染物种类、时间变化、空间分布、行业排放4个方面,分析了陕西省工业污染源重金属的排放特征,重点比较了1991~2009年近20年以来重金属排放特征的变化。结果表明,近20年陕西省工业污染源重金属等标污染负荷大小排序为铅>砷>镉>六价铬>汞; 1991~2009年,重金属排放总量呈较大下降趋势,单位产值重金属排放总量呈显著下降趋势; 1991年重金属等标污染负荷最大的行政区和流域分别为渭南市和渭河流域,2009年则转移至西安市和嘉陵江流域; 1991年和2009年,污染负荷最大的行业均为有色金属矿采选业、有色金属冶炼及压延加工业,其铅排放应作为整治的重点。     

实现秸秆资源化利用的主要途径

随着我国农村经济的发展和能源供应的改善，部分经济较发达地区出现了秸秆过剩的现象，田间直接燃烧秸秆造成了严重的环境问题。文章认为秸秆作为农业的副产品，是一种有用的资源。介绍了4种秸秆资源化利用的途径，包括能源利用技术、肥料利用技术、饲料利用技术以及用于工业原料的技术。     

Multi-objective optimization of waste and resource management in industrial networks – Part I: Model description

This article presents a general multi-objective mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) optimization model aimed at providing decision support for waste and resources management in industrial networks. The MILP model combines material flow analysis, process models of waste treatments and other industrial processes, life cycle assessment, and mathematical optimization techniques within a unified framework. The optimization is based on a simplified representation of industrial networks that makes use of linear process models to describe the flows of mass and energy. Waste-specific characteristics, e.g. heating value or heavy metal contamination, are considered explicitly along with potential technologies or process configurations. The systems perspective, including both provision of waste treatment and industrial production, enables constraints imposed upon the systems, e.g. available treatment capacities, to be explicitly considered in the model. The model output is a set of alternative system configurations in terms of distribution of waste and resources that optimize environmental and economic performance. The MILP also enables quantification of the improvement potential compared to a given reference state. Trade-offs between conflicting objectives are identified through the generation of a set of Pareto-efficient solutions. This information supports the decision making process by revealing the quantified performance of the efficient trade-offs without relying on weighting being expressed prior to the analysis. Key features of the modeling approach are illustrated in a hypothetical case. The optimization model described in this article is applied in a subsequent paper (Part II) to assess and optimize the thermal treatment of sewage sludge in a region in Switzerland.