莱州湾盐度变化现状及其对海洋环境与生态的影响

依据莱州湾生态监控区2004年5、8月份两个航次的盐度监测资料,结合近40a污染监测网莱州湾海域的监测资料和历年黄河入海径流量等有关资料,研究分析了近年莱州湾盐度变化状况及主要影响因素。研究发现近40 a莱州湾盐度变化趋势总体上呈上升态势,莱州湾盐度值与以前相比有明显升高。黄河径流量锐减和断流是引起莱州湾盐度升高的主要原因。莱州湾盐度升高,对莱州湾海洋生态环境的影响是多方面的,对湾内产卵场、育幼场和海洋生物群落结构都有一定的影响。     

Distribution features of oil and preventive countermeasures in Meizhou Bay, China

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渤海湾西岸入海径流量和输沙量的变化及其环境效应

以渤海湾西岸天津段入海河流的径流量和输沙量数据为基础,采用Kendall秩相关检验法和Mann-Kendall法对近50年入海径流量和输沙量进行了趋势分析和突变性检验.结果表明,近50年来渤海湾西岸天津段入海径流量和输沙量均呈显著下降的趋势.近50年来华北地区降水量减少、天然径流偏低是导致入海径流量减少的自然因素,而流域人类活动如水库和防潮闸的建设,以及沿河取水取沙也是不可忽视的重要因素.该段海岸入海径流量和输沙量的减少已导致河口区盐度上升、水质恶化、沉积物污染等问题,最终会影响河口生态系统的结构和生物资源的可持续发展与利用.     

南极普里兹湾与太平洋、印度洋海水中90Sr和137Cs的研究

通过对太平洋、印度洋、南极普里北湾表层海水中＾９０Ｓｒ、＾１３７Ｃｓ的分析，可以看出北半球放射必疹高于南半球。南极海域活度最你荒废 域人工放射性核素仍与大气沉降有关。全球人工放性活度吾下降趋势，但各海区下降的程度不同。南极普里兹湾夏季深层水的通升是影响该海区放射性水平的一个重要因素。局部区域的人工放射必不知 度与采样时间和地理位置有关。     

辽东湾近岸冰区大型底栖动物调查

１９９６年１月２６～３１日，对辽东湾鲅鱼圈近岸冰区的两个站位冰下大型底栖动物进行了调查。结果表明，本次调查所获得的底栖动物共１４种，其中软体动物７种、甲壳动物３种、多毛类３种、棘皮动物１种。两个站位的群落结构指数分别为：１＃站：Ｈ′＝２．３０、ｄ＝１．２０、Ｊ＝０．８１、Ｄ２＝０．６４；２＃站：Ｈ′＝２．７０、ｄ＝１．８０、Ｊ＝０．９６、Ｄ２＝０．４０。     

锦州湾水体中锌、铅、隔存在形式及分布规律的研究

本文研究了锦州湾海域水体中重金属锌、铅、镉各化学形态的含量及其各形态分布特征,其特征变化动态表明,该海域中重金属以可溶态为主要存在形式,其中以水合氧化物为重要清除载体.重金属除周边岩石风化物质的自然背景值外,主要来源于沿岸工厂排废.水体中重金属是在潮流水动力作用下,受各种理化因素的影响,产生迁移和转化.三种元素形态转化强度 Zn>Pb>Cd,它们污染程度为Cd>Zn>Pb.通过多元回归计算求得重金属与环境因素 pH 值(X_(PH))、Eh 值(X_(Eb))、氯度(X_(cl))、溶解氧(X_(DO))、化学耗氧量(X(COD))的多元一次方程.     

Fast Ferry Traffic as a Qualitatively New Forcing Factor of Environmental Processes in Non-Tidal Sea Areas: A Case Study in Tallinn Bay,Baltic Sea

The impact of wake wash from high-speed ferries on the coastal environment in non-tidal seas is analysed in terms of wave energy and power, and properties of the largest waves. Shown is that hydrodynamic loads caused by heavy high-speed traffic may play a decisive role not only in low-energy coasts but also in certain areas with high wind wave activity. For example, ship-generated waves form, at least, about 5–8% from the total wave energy and about 18–35% from the wave power in the coastal areas of Tallinn Bay exposed to dominating winds. The periods of wake waves from high-speed ships frequently are much larger than dominating periods of wind waves. The leading waves typically have a height of about 1 m and a period of 10–15 s. Such waves extremely seldom occur in natural conditions in many regions of semi-enclosed seas. They cause unusually high hydrodynamic loads in the deeper part of the nearshore. The fast ferry traffic thus is a qualitatively new forcing component of vital impact on the local ecosystem. It is demonstrated that wakes from high-speed ferries may trigger considerable changes of the existing balance of coastal processes. Owing to their low decay rates combined with their exceptional compactness after crossing many kilometres of the sea surface, such wakes may cause considerable remote impact of the ship traffic. This feature has to be addressed in the analysis of the impact of harbours and associated ship traffic in the neighbourhood of vulnerable areas.     

Science and management in four U.S. coastal ecosystems dominated by land-ocean interactions

The influence of science in the recognition of the effects of landscape changes on coastal ecosystems and in the development of effective policy for managing and restoring these ecosystems is examined through four case studies: Chesapeake Bay, San Francisco Bay, the Mississippi Delta, and Florida Bay. These ecosystems have undergone major alterations as a result of changes in the delivery of water, sediments and nutrients from their watersheds. Both science and management have been challenged by the spatial, functional and temporal scale mismatches inherent in the watershed-coastal ecosystem relationship. Key factors affecting the influence of science on management include (1) sustained scientific investigation, responsive to but not totally defined by managers; (2) clear evidence of change, the scale of the change and the causes of the change; (3) consensus among the scientific communities associated with various interests; (4) the development of models to guide management actions; (5) identification of effective and feasible solutions to the problems.     

Science and management in four U.S. coastal ecossytems dominated by land-ocean interactions

The influence of science in the recognition of the effects of landscape changes on coastal ecosystems and in the development of effective policy for managing and restoring these ecosystems is examined through four case studies: Chesapeake Bay, San Francisco Bay, the Mississippi Delta, and Florida Bay. These ecosystems have undergone major alterations as a result of changes in the delivery of water, sediments and nutrients from their watersheds. Both science and management have been challenged by the spatial, functional and temporal scale mismatches inherent in the watershed-coastal ecosystem relationship. Key factors affecting the influence of science on management include (1) sustained scientific investigation, responsive to but not totally defined by managers; (2) clear evidence of change, the scale of the change and the causes of the change; (3) consensus among the scientific communities associated with various interests; (4) the development of models to guide management actions; (5) identification of effective and feasible solutions to the problems.     

莱州湾南岸平原浅埋古河道带及冲洪积扇地下水水环境

通过野外实地调查和水化学监测，将莱州湾南岸平原浅埋古河道带及冲洪积扇浅层地下水水化学环境分为３大区域，即北部的全咸水区、中部的咸淡水过渡区和南部的全淡水区．在３个系统的浅埋古河道带内的全淡水区，仍有水化学特征的南北向差异．浅层地下水水化学特征具有年内及年际变化规律．人类应合理开发利用地下水资源，防止咸水入侵和人工污染，保持良好的地下水水环境