A critical review of the water quality classification system in Turkey: A case study on Meric Basin

An 11-year period of water quality data, collected by the Directorate of Sate Water Works of Turkey are thoroughly analyzed for the purpose of implementing water quality classes to water resources in the Meric Basin, located on the European land mass of Turkey. Water quality parameters are divided into four groups as physical, organic, inorganic, and bacteriological. The quality class of each group is evaluated by taking into account the poorest quality of any parameter in the group, after which a quality rank is assigned to the sampling station and the waterbody in question. This method of water quality classification imposed by the Turkish Water Quality Act, is then criticized with respect to a statistical approach.     

欧日中实施GHS政策的对比和思考

通过研究欧盟、日本和我国实施全球化学品统一分类和标签制度(GHS)的基本情况,并从实施GHS的框架体系、实施GHS的时间节点、GHS的危险类别和GHS危险类别的判定,4个方面对欧盟、日本和我国实施GHS的现状进行重点研究。通过对比分析得出我国当前实施GHS主要存在4个方面的问题,即缺乏实施GHS的综合法律、实施GHS缓冲期的设置存在问题、缺乏开展GHS分类的配套指南、没有合理的运用"积木原则"。结合我国的实际情况提出3个方面的建议:适时推动我国GHS法律法规体系的建设、在各部门的协作下编制我国的GHS分类指南、合理的运用"积木原则"。通过分析表明:欧盟实施的GHS政策最为完善且力度最强,日本次之;由于充分利用"积木原则",欧盟的GHS类别与日中存在一定的差异;欧日中在数据运用和GHS危险判定原则上存在差异。     

锂电池检测的安全标准及安全防护研究

为评估并提高锂电池在使用、储存和运输过程中的安全,本文归纳总结了国内外锂电池安全检测的相关标准,对标准中测试项目异同作了重点分析和对比,并讨论了锂电池的安全风险及风险分级情况。同时,鉴于锂电池检测过程中可能出现的起火、爆炸等危险,探讨了电池检测过程的安全防护技术,并从样品区和试验区两方面提出了安全防护要求和建议。     

Accounting for monogastric livestock as a driver in global land use and cover change assessments

Land systems are described based on various characteristics, including land cover composition and agricultural production. However, it is uncertain to what extent livestock, particularly monogastric livestock, determines land systems. We included monogastrics in a land system classification, and statistically analyzed the land cover composition and agricultural production of otherwise similar land systems with and without monogastric livestock. The results indicate that land systems with monogastrics are statistically different from their counterparts in the classification without monogastrics in terms of grassland area and crop yields, but are less different in terms of tree area, crop area, and ruminant livestock production. We then used a land systems map that includes monogastrics in the classification and a similar map that does not include monogastrics to project future changes in a novel manner that integrates livestock as a determinant of land systems. The results show that including monogastrics in otherwise similar projections yields less cropland intensification and more cropland expansion in several world regions, including Northern Africa and the Middle East. Other regions, such as Europe and Australia, were characterized by less decrease or more increase in tree area in the application with monogastrics, mainly due to the occurrence of open forests with monogastrics. This study prompts a call for improved characterization of land systems for land use and cover change (LUCC) assessments in order to better represent LUCC driven by monogastric livestock.     

危险废物分类、识别、监控一体化管理技术研究概述

研究运用环境统计信息系统(ESIS),建立黑龙江省典型危险废物的数据库系统,使其具备系统、完善的查询与追踪功能;提出危险废物易燃性、腐蚀性、反应性和毒性方面定量化的定义,建立基于危险废物成分分析基础上的分类体系,使危险废物的处理与处置具有良好的可操作性;开发危险废物在线识别技术,促进对危险废物进行监管及预警的时效性和有效性;运用GPS、GSM、GPRS、GIS、计算机网络通信和数据处理等监控技术,实施对危险废物运输车辆的远程在线监控;提出危险废物收集、贮存、分离、运输、处理、处置、回收利用过程中的管理法律、法规,促进危险废物全过程管理的有效实现.     

The method for leakage detection of urban natural gas pipeline based on the improved ITA and ALO

To solve the problems of the difficulty in early leakage monitoring and larger positioning error for urban hazardous chemicals pipelines, the optimized method based on the improved Inverse Transient Analysis (ITA) and Ant Lion Optimizer (ALO) was proposed. Firstly, based on the obtained experiment's results of leakage of natural gas in the non-metallic pipeline, the segment classification method was incorporated into the pressure gradient calculation. The modified method can adapt to the multi-node characteristics of urban pipe networks and help to obtain the preliminary positioning calculation results after optimization. Then the calculation results were embedded in the ITA calculation model. The input parameters of the gas pipeline such as boundary conditions, leakage rate and friction coefficient were used to establish the characteristic linear equations. Then the objective function of the least-squares criterion was defined, and the improved ITA model suitable for leakage detection of urban natural gas pipeline networks was constructed. Finally, the ALO was used to optimize the calculation process of the improved ITA model, and iteratively optimize the optimal friction coefficient and its corresponding minimum objective function (OF) value. As a result, a more precise location of the leakage source was calculated. The validation of the modified method is conducted by comparing the calculated values with the experiment's results. The results show that the method can accurately predict the location where the pipeline leakage occurs. The minimum error is 3.17%. Compared with the traditional ITA, this method not only accelerates the convergence speed of the objective function, but also improves the accuracy of location calculation.     

北京市建筑节能现状与对策

建筑能耗在北京市能耗总量中是关键的一部分,推广节能建筑对于北京市的低碳发展具有重要意义。在当前北京市建筑节能工作中,采暖能耗是节能减排的重点,公共建筑能耗增加需要控制。在北京市低碳建筑推进工作中遇到了评测标准、检验方法的不完善,企业与个人的动力不足以及相关技术创新能力较低的障碍。针对这些问题,政府应从加强宣传与干预、建立低碳建筑标准规范和技术体系角度实施相应的应对措施,鼓励企业和个人选择低碳建筑,完善检测标准,健全技术创新体系,促进低碳建筑的推广。     

纺织工业粉尘爆炸危险区域划分方法

根据国家标准,分析了爆炸性粉尘环境危险区域划分的方法和步骤,以粉尘释放源释放频率和形成爆炸混合物的可能性为指标,给出了危险区域划分方法,并以某纺织企业为例进行了说明,所得结果对纺织企业的安全生产具有借鉴意义。     

混合物质谱的简单分类算法

有毒化合物质谱分类是以光谱数据的数值特性为基础的。这此数据的计算机分类提供了各种参数,用以确定属于有毒化合物中某一类的对应化合物。质谱数据的简单分类算法常被用于自相关变换质谱的主分量建模。主分量的有效值为相互确认为确定。对环境空气中１１９种被监测的有毒化合物,有色谱－质谱联用的试验和校正数据所得到的４类预报正确率为７６．５％。