湖南人学习普通话语音难点分析

湖南人学习普通话的语音难点在于:平舌音z、c、s与翘舌音zh、ch、sh不分,鼻音n与边音l不分,唇齿音f与舌根音h不分,单韵母e、o与复韵母uo不分,前鼻韵母--n与后鼻韵母--nɡ不分,调值调类与普通话声调差异较大.本文着重从"记少不记多"、"利用声旁类推"、"利用声韵配合规律"三个方法,阐述如何快速而准确地辨正这五组难读易混的声母、韵母及声调.     

加速培养、造就优秀科技人才的几点思考

本文阐述了加速培养、造就优秀科技人才的重大意义以及应着力做好的几项重要工作,强调必须造成一个崇尚科学、尊重科技人才的社会氛围,以树立科技人员崇高的社会形象。     

生产经营单位主要负责人对本单位安全生产应负法律责任的研究

生产经营单位主要负责人对本单位的安全生产具有至关重要的作用，本文对生产经营单位主要负责人承担法律责任的几种违法行为进行了分析，并研究了生产经营单位主要负责人对本单位安全生产应负的法律责任。     

人的不安全行为对高危行业从业人员安全评价的影响研究

从危险源、事故隐患的理念出发,定义安全工程中"不安全人"的概念;提出了某些从业人员由于生理心理上的影响,因而有其不可控制性;存在着不可控制的隐患,需要进行基于定量方法的测量、辨识和评估。在现代安全工程需要安全评价的基础上,建立一套全新的针对高危行业从业人员的安全评价方法,是对目前的安全评价的有益补充。     

Rapid Assessment of Population Size by Area Sampling in Disaster Situations

In the initial phase of a complex emergency, an immediate population size assessment method, based on area sampling, is vital to provide relief workers with a rapid population estimate in refugee camps. In the past decade, the method has been progressively improved; six examples are presented in this paper and questions raised about its statistical validity as well as important issues for further research. There are two stages. The first is to map the camp by registering all of its co-ordinates. In the second stage, the total camp population is estimated by counting the population living in a limited number of square blocks of known surface area, and by extrapolating average population calculated per block to the total camp surface. In six camps selected in Asia and Africa, between 1992 and 1994, population figures were estimated within one to two days. After measuring all external limits, surfaces were calculated and ranged between 121,300 and 2,770,000 square metres. In five camps, the mean average population per square was obtained using blocks 25 by 25 meters (625 m2), and for another camp with blocks 100 by 100 m2. In three camps, different population density zones were defined. Total camp populations obtained were 16,800 to 113,600. Although this method is a valuable public health tool in emergency situations, it has several limitations. Issues related to population density and number and size of blocks to be selected require further research for the method to be better validated.     

灾害避难行为的模拟模型研究（II）——单人单房情况的避难模拟

在我们已建立的避难行为模拟的初步模型的基础上,为了检验该模拟模型的实用性,就单人单房避难情况进行了模拟。检验了常见的墙移动,随朵移动、大力向移动等３种避难行为模式的避难效果,文中给出了模拟过程中各种参数的计算和设定方法,模拟结果表明：在较宽阔的房层内避难时,触墙移动是最有效的避难途径,在对单人单房避难模拟进行总结的基础上,本文还探讨了上述模型中存在的主要问题及其进一步完善的可能性。     

地震系统“十五”人才对策谈

21世纪头 5年是实现我国防震减灾十年目标的冲刺阶段 ,也是我国地震系统科技人员新老交替的关键时期。因此系统内人才的规划对事业的发展至关重要。本文对这一时期地震系统科技及管理人才的培养、选用和管理等提出设想和建议 ,对营造培养“十五”期间地震监测预报人才的良好环境提出了对策。     

Congruence work in stigmatized occupations: A managerial lens on employee fit with dirty work

Although research has established that it is often difficult for individuals engaged in dirty work to adjust to stigma and the attributes giving rise to stigma, little theory or empirical work addresses how managers may help workers adjust to dirty work. Interviews with managers across 18 dirty work occupations—physically tainted (e.g., animal control), socially tainted (e.g., corrections), and morally tainted (e.g., exotic entertainment)—indicate that managers engage in “congruence work”: behaviors, sensemaking, and sensegiving that they perceive as helping individuals adjust and develop a stronger sense of person–environment fit. Specifically, congruence work focuses on 3 phases of managerial practices that correspond to individuals' growing experience in the occupation. First, recruitment/selection involves overcoming individuals' aversion to dirty work by selecting individuals with an affinity for the work and providing a realistic stigma preview. Second, socialization involves helping newcomers adjust to distasteful tasks and to stigma by using targeted divestiture, developing perspective taking, helping newcomers manage external relationships, and utilizing desensitization or immersion. Third, ongoing management roles involve cementing individuals' fit by fostering social validation, protecting workers from dirty work hazards, and negotiating the frontstage/backstage boundary. The practices identified as congruence work highlight the important role that managers can play in facilitating adjustment for both “dirty workers” and presumably their less stigmatized counterparts.