基于生态系统服务的汾河源头区域生态安全格局优化

生态安全格局的优化是保障区域生态安全,维护生态系统稳定和提升生态系统服务的重要空间途径。以汾河源头区域为例,定量评估产水量、生境质量、土壤保持量三种生态系统服务,利用热点分析法识别重要的生态源地,考虑到河流在生态系统中复杂的作用机制,构建了两种模式的生态安全格局,并在此基础上提出了综合生态安全格局。研究结果表明:汾河源头区域共19个生态源地,占研究区面积的16.59%,三种模式分别构建了33条、42条、43条潜在生态廊道。网络结构评估结果表明:三种模式均可生成闭合的生态网络,优化后的生态廊道总长度为565.957 km,网络闭合度、节点连接率及网络连接度较高,成本比较小。此外,共识别了35个生态断裂点,明确了生态保护与修复建设的重点区域,以期为区域生态保护与修复规划提供空间指引。     

基于生态系统服务权衡的生态安全多情景决策

聚焦于成渝城市群生态安全格局识别的主题,耦合多源数据,运用相应的模型与算法对区域粮食生产、碳固存、产水、土壤保持、生境质量5类生态系统服务进行估算,在此基础上借助空间统计与分析厘清生态系统服务功能间的权衡/协同关系,并构建不同风险情景,明确未来区域发展的生态安全格局.结果 显示,2000～2015年,成渝城市群粮食生产...     

基于可拓模式识别的煤与瓦斯突出危险性分析

为了有效识别煤与瓦斯突出的危险性,运用可拓理论和熵理论建立了基于熵权的可拓模式识别模型。熵权和关联函数的建立避免了权系数和综合隶属度确定的主观性。利用该模型对某能源有限公司3个工作面的突出危险性进行识别分析,不仅得出了各工作面的突出危险性程度,还得出了各工作面突出危险性大小的排序。结果表明,基于可拓模式识别的方法既可以确定单一对象的隶属模式,又可以对多个识别对象进行排序,而且识别过程宜于编制计算机程序求解,计算简单,易于在现场推广应用。     

内河螺蛳（Margaryamelanioides）对水环境中邻苯二甲酸酯类的富集

为探索内河底栖生物对水环境中PAEs的富集规律,采用气相色谱质谱法定量测定宁波城市内河回龙段水体、底泥、螺蛳肉与壳中DMP、DEP、DIPP、DPP、DBP、BBP、DEHP和DOP的浓度。结果表明研究河域底泥、水样、螺蛳（Margaryamelanioides）肉和螺壳样品主要存在DMP、DBP、DEHP3种PAEs,DMP的平均浓度分别为3．435μg／g、0．023μg／g、1．239μg／g和0．712μg／g,DBP为2．613μg／g、0．484μg／g、6．984μg／g和0．282μg／g;DEHP为13．891μg/g、0．030μg／g、4．938μg／g和0．156μg／g,∑PAEs表现为底泥〉螺蛳肉〉螺壳〉水样。螺蛳肉及螺蛳壳对酯类富集能力分别表现为DEHP〉DBP〉DMP,DMP〉DEHP〉DBP,且螺蛳肉的富集能力明显强于螺蛳壳。螺蛳肉与水样DMP浓度呈显著的正相关,DBP和DEHP不相关;螺蛳壳中3种PAEs均与采样位点水样的PAEs呈显著的相关性;螺蛳肉、螺蛳壳与底泥的PAEs浓度均呈显著的相关性;各位点的螺蛳肉与螺蛳壳富集的3种PAEs浓度均呈显著的正相关。     

Conserving Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function through Limited Development: an Empirical Evaluation

Abstract:  Suburban, exurban, and rural development in the United States consumes nearly 1 million hectares of land per year and is a leading threat to biodiversity. In response to this threat, conservation development has been advanced as a way to combine land development and land conservation while providing functional protection for natural resources. Yet, although conservation development techniques have been in use for decades, there have been few critical evaluations of their conservation effectiveness. We addressed this deficiency by assessing the conservation outcomes of one type of conservation development project: conservation and limited development projects (CLDPs). Conducted by land trusts, landowners, and developers, CLDPs use revenue from limited development to finance the protection of land and natural resources. We compared a sample of 10 CLDPs from the eastern United States with their respective baseline scenarios (conventional development) and with a sample of conservation subdivisions—a different conservation development technique characterized by higher-density development. To measure conservation success, we created an evaluation method containing eight indicators that quantify project impacts to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems at the site and in the surrounding landscape. The CLDPs protected and managed threatened natural resources including rare species and ecological communities. In terms of conservation benefits, the CLDPs significantly outperformed their respective baseline scenarios and the conservation subdivisions. These results imply that CLDPs can offer a low-impact alternative to conventional development and a low-cost method for protecting land when conventional conservation techniques are too expensive. In addition, our evaluation method demonstrates how planners and developers can incorporate appropriate ecological considerations when designing, reviewing, and evaluating conservation development projects.     

Time-dependent metabolomics uncover dynamic metabolic adaptions in MCF-7 cells exposed to bisphenol A

● Metabolomic temporal profiling of cells exposed to xenobiotics. ● Global metabolome dysregulation patterns with time-resolved landscapes. ● Synchronized regulation behavior and specific dysregulation sensitivity. ● Temporal metabolic adaptions indicated cellular emphasis transition. The biochemical consequences induced by xenobiotic stress are featured in dose-response and time-resolved landscapes. Understanding the dynamic process of cellular adaptations is crucial in conducting the risk assessment for chemical exposure. As one of the most phenotype-related omics, metabolome in response to environmental stress can vary from seconds to days. Up to now, very few dynamic metabolomics studies have been conducted to provide time-dependent mechanistic interpretations in understanding xenobiotics-induced cellular adaptations. This study aims to explore the time-resolved metabolite dysregulation manner and dynamically perturbed biological functions in MCF-7 cells exposed to bisphenol A (BPA), a well-known endocrine-disrupting chemical. By sampling at 11 time points from several minutes to hours, thirty seven significantly dysregulated metabolites were identified, ranging from amino acids, fatty acids, carboxylic acids and nucleoside phosphate compounds. The metabolites in different pathways basically showed distinct time-resolved changing patterns, while those within the common class or same pathways showed similar and synchronized dysregulation behaviors. The pathway enrichment analysis suggested that purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis as well as glutamine/glutamate (GABA) metabolism pathways were heavily disturbed. As exposure event continued, MCF-7 cells went through multiple sequential metabolic adaptations from cell proliferation to energy metabolism, which indicated an enhancing cellular requirement for elevated energy homeostasis, oxidative stress response and ER-α mediated cell growth. We further focused on the time-dependent metabolite dysregulation behavior in purine and pyrimidine metabolism, and identified the impaired glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation by redox imbalance. Lastly, we established a restricted cubic spline-based model to fit and predict metabolite’s full range dysregulation cartography, with metabolite’ sensitivity comparisons retrieved and novel biomarkers suggested. Overall, the results indicated that 8 h BPA exposure leaded to global dynamic metabolome adaptions including amino acid, nucleoside and sugar metabolism disorders, and the dysregulated metabolites with interfered pathways at different stages are of significant temporal distinctions.     

甘肃中部地区生态安全评价

在PSR模型框架下，利用熵法确定权重，采用1986年Landsat TM和2000年ETM＋影像确定模型中的自然组分数据，结合社会经济统计数据，对生态安全过程进行景观格局判定，较好地得出了15年来甘肃中部地区生态安全的变化状况。研究表明：2000年甘肃中部地区生态安全状况整体较差，15年来，人类活动加速了自然组分的退化，逐步弱化了景观中的稳定成分，促进形成了异质性程度低、格局粗粒化、稳定性差的景观格局，其中，快速城市化、水资源减少和耕地、林地等重要土地资源的快速转化是整个地区生态安全状态弱化的主要原因。     

The Spatio-Temporal Dynamic Pattern of Rural Residential Land in China in the 1990s Using Landsat TM Images and GIS

Through interpreting Landsat TM images, this study analyzes the spatial distribution of rural settlements in China in 2000. It calculates rural residential land percentage for every 1-km² cell. The entire country is divided into 33 regions to investigate the spatio-temporal dynamic patterns of rural residential land during the 1990s. According to the remote sensing survey, the rural residential land increased by 7.88 × 10⁵ ha in the 1990s. The increment of rural residential land was 0.55 million ha in 1990–1995 and 0.23 million ha in 1995–2000. In 1990–1995, rural residential land increased dramatically in the eastern regions such as the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and North China Plain, accounting for 80.80% of the national growth; the expansion in the western regions was much more moderate. In 1995–2000, the expansion of rural residential land in eastern regions slowed, accounting for only 58.54% of the increase at the national level, whereas the expansion in the western regions accelerated. Rapid rural residential development resulted from increasing home construction and the limited control on rural land. The great regional disparity reflected the regional economic development and land-use policy change. Our finding shows that nearly 60% of the rural residential area came from cropland.     

岷江上游植被生境适应性空间分异格局的间隙度分析

了解岷江上游不同植被生境适宜性类型在整体和局部上的空间分异格局对植被生境管理和修复具有非常重要的意义。基于岷江上游4类植被生境适宜性类型空间分布图借助分形和贝叶斯理论,建立间隙度指数模型和多水平贝叶斯模型,实现定量表征不同植被生境适宜性类型在整体和局部空间上的聚簇和分异程度。结果表明:1)汶川在Ⅰ~Ⅳ类、Ⅲ类和Ⅳ类生境适宜性下的间隙度指数最大,其对应的空间分异尺度为3 000 m(即为30倍网格边长,网格边长为100 m)、2 900 m、2 800 m,而松潘在Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类型下的间隙度指数最大,其空间分异尺度为3 000 m、2 700 m。2)Ⅰ~Ⅳ类、Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类生境适宜性分别在汶川、松潘和理县的间隙度维数最大,空间格局聚簇性较小,进一步证明空间分异尺度较大,而Ⅲ类和Ⅳ类生境适宜性在茂县的间隙度维数最大。岷江上游植被生境空间分异格局的间隙度分析,可以为研究生境空间格局及其生境管理尺寸在整体和局部上的差异提供必备的条件和依据。     

不同演替阶段中黧蒴栲种群的大小结构与分布格局

在中亚热带常绿阔叶林,有代表性地选择三个黧蒴栲群落类型,即黧蒴栲纯林（常绿阔叶林皆伐地自然演替而成的黧蒴栲纯林,用生长锥对优势木进行随机抽查得其最大年龄为１３ａ）、以黧蒴栲为优势种的混交林（经优势木随机抽测其最大年龄为２４ａ）和黧蒴栲已不成为优势种的混交林（实为天然次生林,优势木随机抽测最大年龄为５３ａ）。测定分析结果表明,黧蒴栲群落在自然演替的前期即幼林阶段的种群大小级结构呈典型的三角状增长型;