周边式二次沉淀池流态的计算模拟研究

通过计算模拟二沉池流态,解决了二沉池流态测定的难题,该模拟方法速度快、精度高、不需要实型池.通过对实际池的计算发现,周边式二沉池上溢流集中在靠池周边的区域,以垂直向上的流线为主,池中心上部存在着较大的水流死区,由此解释了该类型池澄清能力小的原因.     

悬浮填料-SBR工艺处理难降解青霉素制药废水的研究

采用悬浮填料 SBR工艺处理青霉素制药废水 ,结果表明 :青霉素废水中含有的抗生素对微生物有抑制作用 ,宜采用非限制曝气的进水方式 ;最佳运行工艺为一周期 8h ,非限制曝气进水 1h ,反应 5h ,沉淀、排水和闲置 2h ;该工艺与单一SBR工艺相比 ,可提高CODCr去除率 2 0 %以上 ,缩短反应时间 2h ;且具有良好的稳定性 ,当进水CODCr浓度变化较大( 80 0— 2 5 0 0mg L)时 ,CODCr去除率一直稳定于 83 %— 85 %之间 ,出水CODCr在 136— 35 0mg L之间 ,达到国家二级排放标准。     

Temporal variability of airborne bacterial community structure in an urban area

Temporal airborne bacterial genetic community structure and meteorological factors were analysed above an urban area in the northwest of France from December 2003 to April 2004 with a sampling strategy considering different time intervals (from an hour to a month). Principal component analysis (PCA) of B-ARISA (Bacterial-Automated Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis) profiles revealed a hierarchy in the temporal variability of bacterial community: daily<weekly<seasonal. Co-inertia analysis between B-ARISA data and meteorological factors demonstrated the correlation between the seasonal variability in the bacterial community and climatic conditions such as temperature and relative humidity, whereas daily and weekly variability seemed likely to be managed by other factors such as anthropogenic activities.     

烟粉虱成虫的昼夜时空动态及空间格局

观察了 1d内西葫芦(Cucurbitapepo)植株上烟粉虱成虫数的变化,以早晨 6点最高,中午 12点达到最低点.经统计分析得到 2003年和 2004年 1d内西葫芦单株虫量与气温、空气相对湿度和温湿度系数的相关系数.对两年的观察结果进行卡方适合性检验, 2003年和 2004年,烟粉虱成虫昼夜在植株上的种群波动趋势一致 (χ2 =0. 82 <χ20. 05, 7 ).空中捕虫试验结果为早晨 6点捕虫量最低,上午 10点捕虫量最高.空中捕虫量与光照强度的相关程度最高,与气温的相关程度次之.阴天空中捕虫量极低.还观察到烟粉虱成虫在早晨、夜间、阴天和雨日多停留在植株的叶背,其反应迟钝、活动能力较差.对烟粉虱成虫空间格局频次分布检验结果显示,所有调查田块的害虫空间格局一致,均属于负二项分布; 6项分布型指数测定结果,烟粉虱成虫在田间皆为聚集分布,其聚集的原因可能系物种本身的聚集行为所致. 图 3表 3参 10     

The dynamic nature of antipredator behavior: prey fish integrate threat-sensitive antipredator responses within background levels of predation risk

Prey animals often have to face a dynamic tradeoff between the costs of antipredator behavior and the benefits of other fitness-related activities such as foraging and reproduction. According to the threat-sensitive predator avoidance hypothesis, prey animals should match the intensity of their antipredator behavior to the degree of immediate threat posed by the predator. Moreover, longer-term temporal variability in predation risk (over days to weeks) can shape the intensity of antipredator behavior. According to the risk allocation hypothesis, changing the background level of risk for several days is often enough to change the response intensity of the prey to a given stimulus. As the background level of risk increases, the response intensity of the prey decreases. In this study, we tested for possible interactions between immediate threat-sensitive responses to varying levels of current perceived risk and temporal variability in background risk experienced over the past 3 days. Juvenile convict cichlids were preexposed to either low or high frequencies of predation risk (using conspecific chemical alarm cues) for 3 days and were then tested for a response to one of five concentrations (100, 50, 25, 12.5%, or a distilled water control). According to the threat-sensitive predator avoidance hypothesis, we found greater intensity responses to greater concentrations of alarm cues. Moreover, in accordance with the risk allocation hypothesis, we found that cichlids previously exposed to the high background level of risk exhibited a lower overall intensity response to each alarm cue concentration than those exposed to the low background level of risk. It is interesting to note that we found that the background level of risk over the past 3 days influenced the threshold level of response to varying concentrations of alarm cues. Indeed, the minimum stimulus concentration that evoked a behavioral response was lower for fish exposed to high background levels of predation than those exposed to low background levels of predation. These results illustrate a remarkable interplay between immediate (current) risk and background risk in shaping the intensity of antipredator responses.     

基于遥感的泾河流域植被覆盖格局分析

以MODIS遥感影像数据为数据源,应用遥感和GIS技术对泾河流域植被覆盖格局进行分析。结果表明:(1)泾河流域植被覆盖类型以退化草地和草地为主,二者占流域总面积的53.30%;地面覆盖程度较高的森林、疏林仅占流域总面积的9.83%,流域植被覆盖程度较低。(2)受自然环境条件和人类活动的影响,退化草地、稀疏灌丛、郁闭灌丛和疏林破碎化程度较为严重,对地面覆盖程度最低的退化草地除集中分布于流域北部外,主要零散分布于流域中、南部,其斑块形状复杂多样,数量最多,应成为流域植被恢复的重点。(3)各植被覆盖类型的斑快数量组成以小斑块所占比例最大,最小斑块比率均在50.0%以上;森林的斑块面积多样性最大,草地的斑块面积多样性最小。     

X射线粉末法计算晶胞参数及粉末图指标化的微机程序

本文介绍了一个用BASIC语言编写的微机程序,即CDI程序。该程序是根据最小二乘修正加上外推的原理编制的,用于粉末衍射数据的晶胞参数计算和粉末图指标化。CDI程序可以处理所有晶系的衍射数据并得出令人满意的计算结果。程序已在IBMPC/XT,长城0520CH及C.S.重型微机上运行了好几年并解决了一系列实际问题。     

基于疲劳模式识别的VDT作业工间休息机制*

为保障作业人员身心健康和作业效率,运用E-Prime软件模拟认知性VDT持续作业,通过方差分析提出作业疲劳综合评价指标体系,并使用客观绩效指标和生理指标作为输入变量,主观疲劳综合指数作为输出变量,训练BP神经网络,对作业疲劳进行模式识别;提出认知性VDT持续作业工间休息机制。结果表明:通过正确反应时间、注视时间、瞳孔直径、眨眼频率4项指标,对VDT持续作业疲劳进行模式识别的结果可信度较高。因此,基于上述4项指标提出的工间休息机制客观有效。     

云南金沙江流域主要森林植被类型分布格局

云南金沙江流域具有复杂的地形地貌,从地貌格局及气候系统差异上,可将该区域的森林植被类型分异划分为3个区,即西部高山峡谷区、中部中山峡谷和滇中高原区、东部中山山原峡谷区,不同的区域决定不同的植被类型,而典型的植被类型具有指示特定区域的作用。通过分析,把云南金沙江流域不同区域的植被特点、类型进行了阐述。对于该区域的植被恢复,特别是植被类型,是遵照自然规律的原则,保证恢复效果的重要举措。同时,对不同区域森林植被类型及不同区域森林植被垂直差异的论述,阐明了云南金沙江流域不同区域的顶极和亚顶极植物群落,为人工按“近自然化”的原则恢复森林植被提供了参考依据。     

活性污泥系统生物场-水力场-温度场耦合模型(FCASM3-Hydro-Temp)Ⅲ:水力及温度的影响

建立生物、水力及温度耦合模型模拟预测水流状态以及温度对污水处理效果的影响.利用校验完成的生物场-水力场耦合模型(FCASM3-Hydro)以及生物场-水力场-温度场耦合模型(FCASM3-Hydro-Temp)对德清县狮山污水处理厂的AAO工艺系统进行模拟,分别考察反应池Pe准数值以及温度对污水处理效果的影响.由FCASM3一Hydro模拟厌氧池和好氧池不同Pe值条件下污染物质出水结果分析可知,好氧池中水力推流作用的强弱直接决定着污染物质的出水浓度值,厌氧池的水流作用对污染物质的浓度变化影响并不十分显著,FCASM3-Hydro-Temp对进水温度影响污染物质去除效果的模拟结果表明,低温对NH4+-N的处理明显不利,高温对PO43--P的处理不利,若系统进水温度在10～40℃范围内波动将不会对污水处理效果造成显著的影响.